24/03/2026
In sustainability, one principle remains constant:
𝗪𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝘄𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘄𝗲 𝗱𝗼 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗺𝗲𝗮𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗲.
This is exactly why the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol introduced the concept of Scopes 1, 2, and 3 emissions—to give organizations a standardized way to understand where their impact truly comes from.
At first glance, the categories seem simple:
• Scope 1 – direct emissions from owned or controlled operations
• Scope 2 – indirect emissions from purchased energy
• Scope 3 – all other indirect emissions across the value chain
But in practice, the story is far more complex.
Take the 𝗽𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆 as an example.
Scope 1 emissions include activities within operational control—like fuel combustion in manufacturing facilities and company-owned equipment.
Scope 2 covers electricity used in production processes such as molding, printing, and processing.
Yet, the largest share of emissions often lies in Scope 3—from raw material extraction (like plastics, paper, or metals), supplier manufacturing, and third-party transportation, to product use and end-of-life disposal.
This is where the real challenge—and opportunity—exists.
Because while Scope 3 emissions are harder to measure and influence, they represent the full lifecycle impact of packaging. Ignoring them means overlooking the majority of a company’s carbon footprint.
Understanding emissions across all three scopes allows organizations to:
✔ Identify high-impact areas
✔ Avoid double counting
✔ Align with global standards
✔ Design more effective reduction strategies
Ultimately, measuring emissions is not just about compliance—it’s about clarity, accountability, and action.
And much like managing finances, once you understand where your “spend” is going, you can make smarter, more intentional decisions.
The path to meaningful climate action starts with visibility.
And visibility starts with measurement.
👉 If your organization is looking to take the next step, INSTEP supports companies with GHG inventory development and ESG reporting—helping you turn complex data into clear, actionable insights.
Learn more at www.getinstep.org