17/02/2026
🔴 Estonia’s Carnival: Mardisandid and Kadrisandid
While in many parts of the world a carnival usually means large, colorful celebrations taking place in February, such as the Rio Carnival in Brazil or the Venice Carnival in Italy, for Estonians this kind of tradition has historically been unfamiliar. Instead, in Estonia the comparable festive masquerading season takes place in late autumn, when children and adults go from house to house as Mardisandid and Kadrisandid.
Mummers (Mardisandid) appear around St. Martin’s Day on November 10. They traditionally wear dark, ragged clothing, sometimes with animal masks, symbolizing the power of the earth and fertility. Their custom is lively and playful, filled with singing, joking, and performing. Going from household to household, they sing special Mummers songs and wish good fortune for the fields, livestock, and the entire family. In return, hosts give them small gifts of food or sweets, symbolizing hospitality and the belief that shared generosity will bring abundance in return.
Kadrisandid visit about two weeks later, around St. Catherine’s Day on November 25. Their clothing is usually light or white, symbolizing purity and the hope for light during the dark season. Their blessings focus especially on livestock, particularly sheep as well as on family health and well-being. Compared to the Mardisandid, their manner is traditionally gentler and calmer, though they too sing, perform, and receive gifts.
In recent years, there has been a growing movement in Estonia to revitalize and celebrate the tradition of “santimine” the practice of masquerading as Mummers and going house to house with songs, riddles, and good wishes. This effort, led by the Hakkame Santima! ( https://hakkamesantima.ee/eng/ ) campaign organized by the Estonian Folk Culture Council, aims to keep these customs alive by offering workshops, newsletters, community events, and an annual count of participants across the country.
🔴 Moreover, in 2025 Estonia officially nominated the Mardi and Kadri masquerade traditions for inclusion on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, with a decision expected in late 2026 a recognition that would help showcase and safeguard this unique part of Estonian cultural heritage for future generations.