14/06/2026
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SHARKS, RAYS, AND THE POWER OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION
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Not all conservation happens underwater. Sometimes it happens in conference halls, treaty negotiations, and international agreements that help protect species crossing oceans and national boundaries.
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According to assessments by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), roughly 37% of sharks, rays, and chimaeras are considered threatened with extinction. In response to these growing conservation concerns, dozens of species have been granted protections through international agreements designed to reduce exploitation, regulate trade, and encourage cooperation among nations.
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Some species are listed under the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS), which promotes international efforts to protect migratory wildlife. Others are included in the Sharks Memorandum of Understanding (Sharks MOU), which encourages collaborative conservation measures for shark species facing unfavorable conservation status. Many are also listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), which either restricts or closely regulates international trade to help ensure that populations remain sustainable.
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The poster accompanying this post illustrates 50 shark and ray species currently protected through one or more of these international agreements. It serves as a powerful reminder that conserving wide-ranging marine animals requires cooperation that extends far beyond any single country's waters.
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π¨ Illustrations by Marc Dando.
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π Information adapted from educational materials produced by the IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group. The poster was funded by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection of Germany and the Principality of Monaco. The IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group is fiscally sponsored by Re.
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Have you spotted any of these treaty-protected sharks or rays while diving, snorkeling, or visiting an aquarium? Tell us which species you've encountered.
[https://sharks.cms.int/sites/default/files/publication/cms_sharks-mos4_inf.9_poster%20sharks%20and%20rays_e.pdf]