13/08/2026
RANCHING IS NOT DISPOSSESSION: NEED TO RESIST FEAR-DRIVEN POLICY REJECTION
The RISING anxieties around the proposed national ranching programme in Benue state are neither imaginary nor irrational. Communities in Benue have suffered, endured killings, displacement, terrible destruction of livelihoods and the virtual collapse of SOCIAL TRUST.
A FGN ranching proposal in Benue state must therefore come to terms that it is entering a landscape characterized with deep trauma. However, legitimate truama cannot become a substitute for deep evidence. Again neither can apprehension be exaggeratedly conscripted into policy analysis.
That ranching reserves or ranches constitute the “legal deposition of killers among their victims” is rhetorically appealing but analytically not FACTUAL. It only elevates an extraordinarily consequential allegation or charge without establishing the requisite, necessary causal chain which is that, the proposed beneficiaries are summarily responsible for the killings, that ranching reserves will be occupied by those perpetrators, and that the policy is deliberately designed to provide PERPETRATORS more territorial protection and grip. Those propositions shouldn't even be inferenced from ethnicity angle PURELY.
There should be a distinction between a security problem involving criminal actors and a livestock-management policy involving an occupational population or an intending occupational prospects. Collapsing the two is nationally errorneous, and a sad commentary that has kept Nigeria trapped in the crises tag "farmer-herder crisis" for decades. Farmer-herder crises has actuall been a "facade".
If militant herder groups are reeling atrocities, the FGN must fish them out. Must disarm them, prosecute accordingly. Criminality cannot rationally be imputed to an entire occupational community. The opinion or mindset that every pastoralist or herder is a potential killer is no more defensible than suggesting that every farmer is incapable of criminality. Benue people inspite of its decades of mourning should be thoughtful not to allow legitimate grievances to produce an intellectually convenient but strategically disastrous judgment to rashly reject a policy on mere sight.
The real stuff is not whether ranching should exist, but under whose rules. And such rules must carry strong indigeneity rights and obligations.
The modern policy of FGN on ranching is not in our research finding synonymous with RUGA or Cattle colonies or ethnic settlements. No.
Meanwhile, a ranch is a land-use and livestock-production facility or premises. It usually is properly regulated, and can be defined by physical land boundaries, identifiable leaseholders (communities), veterinary backbone, water resourcing, livestock TRACEABILITY, biosecurity, etc.
Nigeria cannot keep on to operate a livestock economy in free grazing mode without predictable rules governing access to land and water, etc that exposes and causes more socially combustibly. Benue state communities should therefore be agitating, demanding better ranching, NOT rejecting ranching.
There is a sharp difference between stating:
“We will not surrender our ancestral land to an opaque federal settlement scheme" and saying:
“We oppose every organised system of livestock production because pastoralists may be among its beneficiaries.” SHARP DIFFERENCE. The first is a genuine defence of indigenous land rights, but the second risks becoming an intricate ethnic exclusion veiling as security policy.
Government on the other hand must earn TRUST more than demanding it considering citizen pains in the hands of "cows and their marauding grazing terrorists". If ranches or ranching reserves are to be put on ground, there must be RIGHTHEOUS clarity around land ownership or leaseship, land acquisition protocols, compensation, tenure, security plans that factor locals, exit provisions, etc. On no account should there be backdoor acquisition of indigenous land or even existing ranch spaces designated decades ago by late Governor Aper Aku.
Again communities should be insisting NO autonomous ethnic enclaves in ranch spaces. Communities should be getting excited to join the organised livestock sector as development associations through appropriate corporate structures. Insistence on no uncontrolled expansion of designated ranch areas, etc. should be the safeguards and not outright rejection.
To the fear of the "herders of the world", clear stringent guides towards NO migration cloaked as livestock development should be pressed for and secured. Infact, there must be no STRICT federal policy that places the security of indigenous communities at the 100% mercy of the very institutions or groups they dread or have failed to protect them in the past. THANKS to upcoming State Policing bill. We can go on and on on red flags but lets stop there...
During consultation and townhalling runs, policy can be rejigged or redesigned so the ranches do not carry traits that compounds indigenes fears of potential conquest or land-grabbing. The “conflict” argument in the essay also requires some bit of rational thought. There is a frankly understandable apprehension at the phrase “farmer-herder conflict.” Thousands of victims may deeply consider the coinage inadequate to accomodate the horrors, massacres, displacement and unprovoked attacks especially in the past ten years. However, policy language should not be fixatedly determined exclusively by political rhetoric. It is true there are instances of organised attacks by armed suspected herders. Same way, there are also land disputes, cattle rustling, destruction of crops, criminality and EVEN communal reprisals. These do not become less real because one dislikes the terminology or phrasing of "farmer-herder crises".
An elightenrd policy discourse should be holding several truths at the same time. Yes. These are, Fulani militias actually exist, community farmers also commit violence directly or in retaliation. Innocent herders and innocent farmers are victims. There is criminality on multiple sides and atimes an integrated mix. Security agency complicity, etc. THEN the big one: political exploitation of the long Benue crisis. These truths and others must be pooled together in search of sound ranching than in rejection of it as proposed by FGN.
Benue must not confuse, conflict vigilance with strategic "paralysis". The strongest contention against ranching is not that ranching is inbuilt as an instrument or tool of ethnic conquest. It is that any ranching programme imposed without transparency, state participation, community consent and rigorous security architecture could become one. So far we believe consultations will be held and commenced without much ado. Benue can choose to reject or go ahead. We believe with sound assurance Benue will embrace an opportunity that fully asserts her food basket status all-roundedly.
Absolute rejection is NOT strategic. It is shortsighted powered by fear "vaccinated" by ignorance. Benue farmers need security, even as its livestock sector also has huge economic potential on account of her rich agrilands. Benue can have a focal investment company that could participate in the modern livestock economy. Too many benefits.
Benue must not stay FEARFULLY-FIXATED in a "conflict economy". Benue must step forward to become an active architect of the Nigeria’s emerging livestock economy.
If FGN criteria for selecting Benue as pilot state are still doubtful, the state only needs to demand FULL disclosure and get better assured than policy-castigation out of traumatic fear. If State or community land is required, constitutional procedures must be observed. If Benue funds are being used, the financial outlay should be very transparent. As a serious people, negotiations or discussions with FGN/BNSG should be driven by the OGPERL 2017 (as amended) law amongst other things AND NOT through the fearsome assumption that the proposed policy conceals an ethnic conspiracy or a future conquest pursuit.
Let Benue examine ranching so nobody uses it to dispossess people or forcefully uproot them from their ancestral lands. Let government at State and FGN levels demonstrate that the policy is genuinely about livestock development and NOT demographic MANIPULATION.
We advise against paranoia on part of Benue stakeholders. This may only isolate and potentially- economically stagnate and rub us of being part of the pilot ranching scheme.
The crux should not be whether a Fulani herder may own cattle in Benue. He may, provided he obeys the law. The issue again is not whether a Yoruba, Itsekiri, Tiv, Idoma, Igede or any other Nigerian may be partaker in livestock production ecosystem. THEY SHOULD.
Benue MUST negotiate hard enough to ensure that ranching is a viable instrument of resounding agricultural modernisation, and not a tool to dispossession as currently feared. Fear should ONLY make BENUE vigilant, and not make her incapable of DEEP thinking and FORESIGHT to cast away a promising policy path evolving under well grounded PPP's.
Samuel Agwa, Convener, Benue Open Governance Society (BOGS)
[email protected]
13th August 2026