09/08/2026
THE ELECTORAL ACT, 2022 CREATES NUMEROUS ELECTORAL OFFENCES AND PRESCRIBES PENALTIES FOR OFFENDERS.
Some of the key offences and their penalties include:
1. Hindering or Preventing Voter Registration (Section 12): Any person who unlawfully prevents another person from registering as a voter commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine of up to ₦500,000, or imprisonment for up to five (5) years, or both.
2. Disorderly Conduct at Political Meetings (Section 116): A person who disrupts or behaves violently at a political meeting commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦500,000, or imprisonment for up to 12 months, or both.
3. Illegal Possession or Misuse of a Voter's Card (Section 117): Any person who unlawfully possesses, buys, sells, or misuses a voter's card commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦1,000,000, or imprisonment for up to 12 months, or both.
4. Impersonation and Multiple Voting (Section 118): A person who votes in another person's name or votes more than once at the same election commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦500,000, or imprisonment for up to 12 months, or both.
5. Dereliction of Duty by Electoral Officials (Section 120): An election official who willfully fails to perform official duties or acts contrary to the law commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦500,000, or imprisonment for up to 12 months, or both. Where the offence involves the announcement or publication of false election results, the offender is liable to imprisonment for up to three (3) years.
6. Bribery, Vote Buying, and Conspiracy (Section 121): Any person who directly or indirectly gives, offers, solicits, or accepts money or any valuable consideration to induce a voter to vote or refrain from voting commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦500,000, or imprisonment for up to 12 months, or both.
7. Breach of Secrecy of Voting (Section 122): Any person who unlawfully discloses how another voter voted commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦100,000, or imprisonment for up to three (3) months, or both.
8. Wrongful Voting and False Statements (Section 123): A person who knowingly makes a false statement in relation to voting or election matters commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦100,000, or imprisonment for up to six (6) months, or both.
9. Voting by an Unregistered Person (Section 124): Any person who votes without being duly registered commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦100,000, or imprisonment for up to six (6) months, or both.
10. Disorderly Conduct on Election Day (Section 125): A person who causes disturbances or disrupts the electoral process on election day commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦500,000, or imprisonment for up to 12 months, or both.
11. Campaigning Near a Polling Unit on Election Day (Section 126): Campaigning, displaying political symbols, or canvassing for votes within 300 metres of a polling unit on election day is an offence punishable with a fine of up to ₦100,000, or imprisonment for up to six (6) months, or both.
12. Snatching, Destroying, or Interfering with Election Materials (Section 126(4)): Any person who snatches, destroys, or unlawfully interferes with ballot boxes, ballot papers, election materials, or other electoral devices commits an offence and is liable to imprisonment for twenty-four (24) months.
13. Undue Influence (Section 127): Any person who uses force, threats, spiritual intimidation, or other improper means to influence a voter commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦100,000, or imprisonment for up to 12 months, or both.
14. Threats, Violence, or Intimidation of Voters (Section 128): Any person who threatens, assaults, intimidates, or coerces voters before, during, or after an election commits an offence and is liable to a fine of up to ₦1,000,000, or imprisonment for up to three (3) years, or both.
These provisions are intended to ensure that elections in Nigeria are conducted freely, fairly, peacefully, and in accordance with the law. The Electoral Act, 2022 also creates additional offences relating to campaign finance, political party administration, nomination of candidates, election officials, and other forms of electoral misconduct.
S. A. TADESE ESQ