25/01/2025
Modelling mangrove dieback on Hoadehdhoo Island. The press-pulse framework adapted from Harris et al.14 showing changes in mangrove health (A) due to climate change (B) and extreme events (C). Dashed red lines indicate the 1997 and 2019 extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole events. Mangrove threshold reached in 2020 when sea level reached its highest point on tide gauge records (indicated by dashed brown line). (D) Basin forest vulnerability due to extreme shifts in sea level rise. Satellite imagery (Google Earth Pro version 7.3.6 https://www.google.com/earth) for visualization of before (E) and after (F) the dieback.
Adapted from Carruthers, L., Ersek, V., Maher, D. et al., Sea-level rise and extreme Indian Ocean Dipole explain mangrove dieback in the Maldives. Scientific Reports, 14, 27012 (2024).
According to Carruthers et al. (2024), the mangrove dieback in the Maldives was driven by extreme sea-level rise caused by the Indian Ocean Dipole, which led to salinity stress, decreased sediment accretion, and soil submergence, surpassing the tolerance of Bruguiera cylindrica and resulting in widespread tree mortality.