14/09/2026
Understanding the Challenges Surrounding Overseas Employment from the Philippines
― Interview and Q&A Record with the Japan Federation of Bar Associations PT ―
Episode 12: Why Are Philippine Worker Deployment Agencies Subject to Such Strict Regulation?
~The Heavy Responsibility of PRAs Goes Far Beyond Simply “Sending Workers Overseas”~
In the previous episode, I discussed how, even under the “Zero Placement Fee” policy, the financial burden on overseas workers does not literally become zero.
This time, I would like to focus on how much responsibility the Philippine government places on worker deployment agencies.
Looking at the Philippine Labor Code and the law establishing the Department of Migrant Workers, it becomes clear that the scope of responsibility and burden placed on deployment agencies is extremely extensive.
The deployment of land-based workers from the Philippines is similar in some respects to employment placement in Japan. However, the responsibilities of deployment agencies are considerably heavier than those in Japan.
In the Philippines, deployment agencies do not simply recruit workers who meet the requirements of the Receiving Country or employer, introduce them, and “send them overseas.”
The Philippine government promotes overseas employment as a national policy and regards its citizens as a national human resource and, furthermore, as a resource for earning foreign currency.
For this reason, protecting Filipinos working overseas is also an important responsibility expected of deployment agencies.
In the Philippine overseas employment policy, deployment companies and overseas workers can be said to form two indispensable pillars of the system.
The extent of the responsibility borne by deployment companies can also be seen in the way Hans Cacdac, the current Secretary of the Department of Migrant Workers, has dealt with the industry throughout his career.
Since his time as head of the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA), Cacdac has taken a very strict stance toward the deployment industry.
Furthermore, when Cacdac served as Administrator of the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA), he implemented and enforced the “5-days rule.” When an overseas migrant worker suffered an accident, illness, injury, or other trouble, the deployment company was required to report the matter to the authorities within five days of its occurrence. Failure to do so could result in the suspension of its license.
In fact, the licenses of many deployment companies were suspended, and some were forced to close their businesses.
This was an extremely strict enforcement approach aimed at ensuring that deployment companies fulfilled their responsibilities to protect the overseas workers they had deployed.
However, this also demonstrates just how strongly Philippine laws and regulations governing the deployment of overseas workers impose responsibilities on deployment companies.
Under the system established by the Philippine government, deployment companies are responsible for protecting overseas workers and for handling various aspects of overseas employment.
Behind this system is a long history in which the Philippine government has made overseas remittances and the securing of foreign exchange reserves a central part of its national fiscal policy. At the same time, the government has demonstrated its commitment to protecting Filipinos working overseas and has carefully managed the worker deployment system so that citizens can work overseas with confidence and, furthermore, feel encouraged to seek employment abroad.
When Japanese parties accept workers from the Philippines, I believe their perspective may change if they look beyond simply thinking, “There are too many procedures,” or “There are too many documents, and the process is troublesome,” and instead understand the Philippine system behind these requirements and the responsibilities borne by deployment companies.
The systems of Japan and the Philippines each have their own history and background.
Issues surrounding overseas employment are matters of cross-border transactions.
Rather than viewing the system of the other country solely through Japanese standards, I believe it is important to understand why the system has developed in this particular way.
In the next episode, I will take a closer look at the position of the Philippine deployment industry under this strict regulatory system and the challenges facing the industry itself.