20/08/2026
In the Groundswell 2025 panel on glyphosate, Ian Wilkinson mentions how Rothemstead’s research methods are too limited to reveal the true cost of glyphosate to the soil. Below, he takes us through how he shallow ploughs his cover-crop pre planting his seeds to avoid using glyphosate.
‘Ian Wilkinson and Tim Parton will discuss their personal approaches and experiences of using and reducing glyphosate applications at FarmED and Brewood Park Farm. Discussion will be illustrated by evidence collected from their soils of glyphosate persistence; the effects of ploughing or direct drilling on soil structure and nitrous oxide emission potential; and the effects of ploughing or glyphosate application upon soil microbial biomass and community stress markers. The session objective is to raise awareness of the consequences of management decisions and how they can be remedied effectively.’
Ian Wilkinson, Cotswold Seeds; “In our case here, we know we’ve got a lot of carbon below the soil. We don’t want to be ploughing that. These are Cotswold soils and look just below my nose we’re into really stony stuff and the last thing we want to do is to be bringing that stony stuff up onto the top. If I used a sprayer and put glyphosate on that, I’d probably be needing four litres a hectare and I’m sure that that’s not what you’d be using on any cover crops or anything. So if we use glyphosate on the herbal ley, that’s a lot of active ingredient going into our environment. There’s something like 900 million tonnes of glyphosate used worldwide. Can you believe 900 million? Sounds an awful lot to me. And I think we’re going to be hauled over the coals on this at some point in the future. Grazing hard with cows or sheep that are even better for grazing hard, they just don’t kill perennial rye grass or rye grass/clover. They don’t do it. It’s going to regrow. Cultivation is of course the other option. But how do we do that without losing this good stuff? So we bought a shallow plough. This is a 100-horsepower tractor and it pulls a five-furrow plough. So it is literally ploughing at three to four inches deep. And I know one or two of you have had similar experiences. I met Robert Hyde down in Dorset, who’s a good friend, who told me he was using this plough and we copied what he was doing and it does seem to do a much better job than the previous one we used. The previous one was going really deep and I just kept looking at stones and I thought, this is completely wrong. After we ploughed, we power harrow, which makes it even worse at probably doing all this damage, Andy (pro glyphosate from Rothemstead), to you, but I don’t have a lot of kit. We’re a small farm so I could bring in other people, but I need to do it when the weather’s right and that’s the kit I’ve got, so that’s what I’ve done. When you’re sowing seeds, it’s the one thing I do know about, especially with small seeds, they nearly always need a good seedbed. Bigger seeds are slightly different. You can rough them in a bit. But when you’re sowing leys particularly, some of these seeds like a millimetre in size, they’re no good in a rough seed beds. We can’t get away with it with those. So you do need sometimes to cultivate. So I’m just saying there’s horses for courses, and cultivation is no bad thing when you’re sowing small seeds. Richard Gantler, I don’t know whether you’re in the room. Richard Gantler is running Yatesbury House Farm in Wiltshire and I’ve known Richard for at least 25 years and he was telling me about this system that he had developed down there in Wiltshire. Not the same soil type, but fairly light stuff, really. He rips the surface real shallow and probably three or four times to kill his ley. And this is midway through the process and you can see that it’s going to need cultivating again. But a couple of things here. You don’t need a skilled ploughman to do this. How many in the room can plough really well? I bet not many these days because they’re not doing it so much. But this is a job, and with greatest respect to students, but if you’re on student placement, you could do this job. Once it’s set, you just keep going and it is shallow. And it doesn’t seem to me to be doing damage at any depth in my eyes. This questions of course, around w**d control. If you go three or four times, this is a bastard fallow, really, so you need dry weather. This would be a good summer to do it, wouldn’t it? But can you even break the surface? But it would be a good summer to do it. And if you don’t do it this way and you shallow plough, you might get plants like chicory coming up after the ley. And you all know, if you’ve got herbal leys in the rotation, chicory is the good and the bad boy, it can be a pain in the ass when it’s in a cereal crop and if you can’t kill it, you get it with four litres of Roundup you wouldn’t get it with a cultivation necessarily, but I tolerate it. I’m very happy. I don’t need a perfectly clean field and regenerative farmers seem to get that bit. I’ve been trained to do the blueprint monoculture, perfect system, but I don’t mind a few w**ds in the crop. If they’re not doing any harm, I don’t mind at all.”
Speakers: Andy Neal, Ian Wilkinson & Tim PartonIan Wilkinson and ...