04/02/2026
Lanchester Diploma - the first complete Roman Fleet Diploma to be discovered in the UK, was discovered in 2016 at Lanchester.
In 2016, metal detectorist Mark Houston discovered an object on land near Lanchester, County Durham. Mark took the fragments to his local Finds Liaison Officer to be examined and recorded as part of the national Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS).
At this point, the full significance of the find came to light, and it was identified as a diploma that had been presented to mark the granting of a range of rights and privileges to a non-citizen sailor when he retired from the Roman navy. Such documents are very rare, and a number of organisations and individuals were brought together to ensure that the diploma was researched and displayed to the public. This object was not defined as treasure, meaning that Mark could have sold the object; however, he wanted it on display and available to the public.
The importance of the diploma
The diploma is the first complete Roman Fleet Diploma to be discovered in the UK, revealing the identity of one of Britain’s first named sailors. It is made of a copper alloy and is now broken into 8 fragments, although it would have originally consisted of 2 rectangular bronze plates attached together with metal wires.
Roman Military Diplomas were the physical proof of the rights granted to non-citizen soldiers to mark their honourable discharge on retirement. The emperor Antoninus Pius (AD 138-161) issued this diploma to Tigernos (Velvotigernus), a native of Lanchester, County Durham, in around AD 150. The diploma granted him and his descendants Roman citizenship and the legal right of marriage. To earn the diploma, he had served in the Classis Germanica - the Roman fleet in Germany, most likely for 26 years, before being honourably discharged.
The Diploma can be seen at Durham University's Museum of Archaeology on Palace Green, Durham.