IYNA STEM Assiut Chapter

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IYNA STEM Assiut Chapter 'IYNA Assiut Chapter' is one of worldwide network of International Youth Neuroscience Association chapters.

It started in 2021 to advance the collaboration of young neuroscientists from all backgrounds by educating them about the brain and nervous system.

What are the brain waves?The brain is made of billions of neurons and all these neurons communicate with each other. An ...
23/09/2023

What are the brain waves?

The brain is made of billions of neurons and all these neurons communicate with each other. An electric activity results from this communication can express some actions and the state of the brain. This neuronal activity gives rise to voltage fluctuation across the brain areas, these fluctuations are known as โ€œneuronal oscillationsโ€ or โ€œbrain wavesโ€. The number of brain waves per second is called โ€œbrain wave frequencyโ€.

The brain waves are measured and detected by using a technique called electroencephalography, or EEG. An electroencephalogram is a test that measures and records electrical activity in the brain. A trained EEG technologist attaches small electrodes to your scalp that connect to the EEG machine. The activity of your brain cells shows up as wavy lines as it's recorded. EEG results are helpful in diagnosing epilepsy and other neurological disorders and brain injuries.

When you are active and alert the brain waves result in a higher activity and higher frequency. In contrast, being sleepy and inactive results in low frequency.

Using the power spectrum analysis of EEG, the neuronal oscillations fluctuate between two values; from very slow (1,000 Hz) oscillations.

Now we are going to dive into some brain wave characteristics:

Delta - ฮด: Its frequency is about 1 - 4 Hz. Delta waves are the slowest recorded brain waves in human beings. They are found most often in infants and young children and are associated with the deepest levels of relaxation and restorative, healing sleep. Delta is prominently seen in brain injuries, learning problems, inability to think, and severe ADHD.

Theta - ฮธ: Its frequency is about 4 - 10 Hz and is classed as a โ€œslowโ€ activity. It is seen in connection with creativity, intuition, daydreaming, and fantasizing and is a repository for memories, emotions, and sensations. Theta waves are strong during internal focus, meditation, prayer, and spiritual awareness.

Alpha - ฮฑ: Its frequency is about 8 - 12 Hz, Alpha waves are also present when a person is awake and relaxing, such as with the eyes closed or during meditation. Alpha wave production is associated with states of creativity, but they tend to disappear when a person performs mental activity requiring greater attention.

Beta - ฮฒ: Its frequency is about 12 - 30 Hz, Beta waves are characteristics of a strongly engaged mind. A person in active conversation would be in beta. A debater would be in high beta. A person making a speech, a teacher, or a talk show host would all be in beta when they are engaged in their work.

Gamma - ฮณ: Its frequency is about >30 Hz, Gamma brain waves are the fastest brain waves produced inside your brain. Although they can be hard to measure accurately, they tend to measure above 35 Hz and can oscillate as fast as 100 Hz. Your brain tends to produce gamma waves when you're intensely focused or actively engaged in solving a problem

As research in this field continues to advance, we can look forward to deeper insights into the intricacies of brain waves and their impact on our daily lives. Whether we are seeking relaxation, creativity, or intense focus, the study of brain waves illuminates the remarkable complexity of the human mind.

ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู…ู† ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุชุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุฃู† ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ูˆุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ. ูˆูŠุคุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ ุนุจุฑ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบุŒ ูˆุชุนุฑู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ุจุงุช ุจุงุณู… "ุงู„ุชุฐุจุฐุจุงุช ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ" ุฃูˆ "ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ". ูˆูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณู… "ุชุฑุฏุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ".

ูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุชุฎุทูŠุท ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบุŒ ุฃูˆ EEG. ู…ุฎุทุท ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู‡ูˆ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ูŠู‚ูŠุณ ูˆูŠุณุฌู„ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ. ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุฃุญุฏ ุชู‚ู†ูŠูŠ ุชุฎุทูŠุท ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ (EEG) ุงู„ู…ูุฏุฑุจ ุจุชูˆุตูŠู„ ุฃู‚ุทุงุจ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจูุฑูˆุฉ ุฑุฃุณูƒ ุชุชุตู„ ุจุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุชุฎุทูŠุท ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ (EEG). ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู†ุดุงุท ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฏู…ุงุบูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฎุทูˆุท ู…ุชู…ูˆุฌุฉ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุฌู„. ุชุณุงุนุฏ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ู…ุฎุทุท ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ (EEG) ููŠ ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุตุฑุน ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุถุทุฑุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ูˆุฅุตุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ.

ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุดูŠุทู‹ุง ูˆุชู†ุจูŠู‡ู‹ุง ูุฅู† ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุดุงุท ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุชุฑุฏุฏ ุฃุนู„ู‰. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุŒ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุนุงุณ ูˆุนุฏู… ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ุชุฑุฏุฏ.

ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุทูŠู ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ู„ุชุฎุทูŠุท ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ (EEG)ุŒ ุชุชู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ุชุฐุจุฐุจุงุช ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ู‚ูŠู…ุชูŠู†ุ› ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฐุจุฐุจุงุช ุงู„ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง (1000 ู‡ุฑุชุฒ).

ุงู„ุขู† ุณูˆู ู†ุชุนู…ู‚ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ:

ุฏู„ุชุง - ฮด: ุชุฑุฏุฏู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 1 - 4 ู‡ุฑุชุฒ. ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุฏู„ุชุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃุจุทุฃ ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ู…ุณุฌู„ุฉ ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ. ุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฑุถุน ูˆุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ูˆุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุฃุนู…ู‚ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุฎุงุก ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุชุตุงู„ุญูŠ ูˆุงู„ุดูุงุก. ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุฏู„ุชุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุจุงุฑุฒ ููŠ ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบุŒ ูˆู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุงุถุทุฑุงุจ ูุฑุท ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏ.

ุซูŠุชุง - ฮธ: ุชุฑุฏุฏู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 4 - 10 ู‡ุฑุชุฒุŒ ูˆูŠุตู†ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุดุงุท "ุจุทูŠุก". ูŠูู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุน ูˆุงู„ุญุฏุณ ูˆุฃุญู„ุงู… ุงู„ูŠู‚ุธุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฎูŠู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆุฏุน ู„ู„ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ุนูˆุงุทู ูˆุงู„ุฃุญุงุณูŠุณ. ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุซูŠุชุง ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชุฃู…ู„ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญูŠ.

ุงู„ูุง - ฮฑ: ูŠุจู„ุบ ุชุฑุฏุฏู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 8 - 12 ู‡ุฑุชุฒุŒ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุฃู„ูุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชูŠู‚ุธู‹ุง ูˆู…ุณุชุฑุฎูŠู‹ุงุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุชุฃู…ู„. ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุฃู„ูุง ุจุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูุงุก ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจู†ุดุงุท ุนู‚ู„ูŠ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ู‚ุฏุฑู‹ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู….

ุจูŠุชุง - ฮฒ: ูŠุจู„ุบ ุชุฑุฏุฏู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 12 - 30 ู‡ุฑุชุฒุŒ ูˆุชุนุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุจูŠุชุง ู…ู† ุณู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฎุฑุท ุจู‚ูˆุฉ. ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏู‰ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ู†ุดุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†ุงุธุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠู„ู‚ูŠ ุฎุทุงุจู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุถูŠู ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุญูˆุงุฑูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุจูŠุชุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู†ุฎุฑุทูˆู† ููŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ู….

ุฌุงู…ุง - ฮณ: ูŠุจู„ุบ ุชุฑุฏุฏู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ >30 ู‡ุฑุชุฒุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุฌุงู…ุง ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฏู…ุงุบูƒ. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ุง ุจุฏู‚ุฉุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† 35 ู‡ุฑุชุฒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุชุฃุฑุฌุญ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ 100 ู‡ุฑุชุฒ. ูŠู…ูŠู„ ุฏู…ุงุบูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุฌุงู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†ุฎุฑุทู‹ุง ุจู†ุดุงุท ููŠ ุญู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุง

ูˆู…ุน ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุคู‰ ุฃุนู…ู‚ ุญูˆู„ ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏุงุช ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ. ุณูˆุงุก ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณุนู‰ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฑุฎุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏุŒ ูุฅู† ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุชุณู„ุท ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ู„ู„ุนู‚ู„ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813784/

https://www.jeffersonhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/electroencephalogram

https://www.jeffersonhealth.org/your-health/living-well/how-to-manipulate-brain-waves-for-a-better-mental-state

https://nhahealth.com/brainwaves-the-language/ #:~:text=Theta%20activity%20has%20a%20frequency,%2C%20prayer%2C%20and%20spiritual%20awareness

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/alpha-waves-and-sleep

https://www.healthline.com/health/gamma-brain-waves #:~:text=others%20are%20slower.-,Gamma%20brain%20waves%20are%20the%20fastest%20brain%20waves%20produced%20inside,engaged%20in%20solving%20a%20problem

Understanding the Spinal Cord: Structure, Function, and ImportanceHow long is your spinal cord? In most adults, your spi...
19/09/2023

Understanding the Spinal Cord: Structure, Function, and Importance

How long is your spinal cord? In most adults, your spinal cord is about 18 inches (45 centimeters) long. What are the main parts of the spinal cord?
Your spinal cord has three main parts:
- Cervical (neck).
- Thoracic (chest).
- Lumbar (lower back)
- sacral and coccyx

The spinal cord is a vital component of the central nervous system, serving as a bridge between the brain and the rest of the body. It plays a crucial role in relaying signals between the brain and peripheral nerves, coordinating sensory and motor functions, and facilitating complex movements. This article aims to provide an overview of the structure, function, and importance of the spinal cord in the human body.

Spinal Cord Anatomy:
The spinal cord is a long, tubular bundle of nerves that extends from the base of the brain, down the vertebral column, and terminates near the first or second lumbar vertebra. It is protected by the spinal column, composed of vertebrae, and is surrounded by protective membranes called meninges. The cord itself consists of gray and white matter, with gray matter containing cell bodies and white matter comprising nerve fibers.

Spinal Cord Physiology: a. Sensory Processing: The spinal cord acts as a conduit for transmitting sensory information from various body parts to the brain. Sensory neurons convey signals such as pain, temperature, pressure, and touch to the spinal cord, which then relay the information to the brain for interpretation and response.

b. Motor Control: The spinal cord plays a critical role in motor control by coordinating voluntary and involuntary movements. Motor neurons within the spinal cord receive signals from the brain and transmit them to the muscles, enabling coordinated movements and reflex actions.

c. Reflexes: The spinal cord is responsible for generating reflex actions, which are rapid and involuntary responses to stimuli. Reflex arcs allow the body to respond quickly to potentially harmful situations without the need for conscious thought or involvement of the brain. d. Autonomic Functions: The spinal cord also contributes to autonomic functions, such as controlling heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and bladder control. Autonomic nerves within the spinal cord regulate these essential bodily processes.

How can I keep my spinal cord healthy?
You can keep your spinal cord, vertebral column, and entire back healthier by practicing healthy habits. You may:
- Eat a nutritious diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and lean proteins.
- Exercise consistently, with a combination of aerobic activities, strengthening, and stretching.
- Practice good posture and avoid hunching while sitting or standing.
- Quit smoking and using other to***co products.
- Sleep in positions that support the natural curve of your neck and lower back.
- Walk often and take breaks throughout the day.
- Limit alcohol use and avoid using recreational drugs.

References:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21946-spinal-cord #:~:text=The%20spinal%20cord%20is%20a,affect%20your%20movement%20or%20function

https://embryo.asu.edu/search?text=spinal+cord

prepared by: Nour Ahmed Saber

ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ: ุงู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
ูƒู… ูŠุจู„ุบ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ู„ุฏูŠูƒุŸ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุจู„ุบ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 18 ุจูˆุตุฉ (45 ุณู…).

ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠุŸ
ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ:

- ุงู„ุนู†ู‚ูŠ (ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ).
- ุงู„ุตุฏุฑูŠ (ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ).
- ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ (ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ).
- ุงู„ุนุฌุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ุนุตุนุต

ูŠุนุฏ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู†ู‹ุง ุญูŠูˆูŠู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุนู…ู„ ูƒุฌุณุฑ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู…. ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ุญุงุณู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠุฉุŒ ูˆุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุชุณู‡ูŠู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ. ุชู‡ุฏู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ู„ู…ุญุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุนู† ุจู†ูŠุฉ ูˆูˆุธูŠูุฉ ูˆุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†.

ุชุดุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ:
ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญุฒู…ุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูˆุจูŠุฉ ุชู…ุชุฏ ู…ู† ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠุŒ ูˆุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุทู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ. ูˆูŠุญู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠุŒ ูˆูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ูู‚ุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆูŠุญูŠุท ุจู‡ ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ูˆุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุณุญุงูŠุง. ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฑู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุจูŠุถุงุกุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ูŠุงู ุนุตุจูŠุฉ.

ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ: ุฃ. ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ: ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ูƒู‚ู†ุงุฉ ู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ. ุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆุงู„ู„ู…ุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู„ุชูุณูŠุฑู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุง.

ุจ. ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠ: ูŠู„ุนุจ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ุญุงุณู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ. ุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆุชู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุชูŠุญ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู…ู†ุณู‚ุฉ ูˆุฃูุนุงู„ ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ.

ุฌ. ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ูุนู„: ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ูุนู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุงุช ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุจู‡ุงุช. ุชุณู…ุญ ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ุจุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชููƒูŠุฑ ูˆุงุนูŠ ุฃูˆ ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ. ุฏ. ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ู„ุงุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ: ูŠุณุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ู„ุงุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุงู„ู‡ุถู… ูˆุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู†ุฉ. ุชู†ุธู… ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ุงู„ู„ุงุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ.

ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠุŸ
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ. ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ:

ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ู†ุธุงู…ู‹ุง ุบุฐุงุฆูŠู‹ุง ู…ุบุฐูŠู‹ุง ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ููˆุงูƒู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฎุถุฑูˆุงุช ูˆุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ- ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†.
- ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑุŒ ู…ุน ู…ุฒูŠุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุดุทุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ.
- ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุญู†ุงุก ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู.
- ุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ุงุน ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฎูŠู† ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ุชุจุบ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰. ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ููŠ ุฃูˆุถุงุน ุชุฏุนู… - ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุฑู‚ุจุชูƒ ูˆุฃุณูู„ ุธู‡ุฑูƒ. -
- ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ูˆุฎุฐ ูุชุฑุงุช ุฑุงุญุฉ ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….-
- ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุชุนุงุทูŠ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ูˆุชุฌู†ุจ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูˆูŠุญูŠุฉ.

Get ready to explore the intricate landscape of the human mind, where the wonders of cognition and consciousness come al...
16/09/2023

Get ready to explore the intricate landscape of the human mind, where the wonders of cognition and consciousness come alive. Deep within our skulls lies a mesmerizing network of brain lobes, each with its own unique functions and abilities.

=> The frontal lobe, situated at the front of the brain, serves as the command center, orchestrating our decision-making, problem-solving, and personality traits.
=> Moving toward the top, we encounter the parietal lobe, responsible for processing sensory information and giving us a sense of touch, spatial awareness, and body perception.
=> As we venture further back, we stumble upon the occipital lobe, the visual powerhouse that transforms light into a vivid tapestry of colors, shapes, and memories.
=> Finally, nestled deep within, we discover the temporal lobe, the realm of auditory perception, language comprehension, and memory consolidation.

Together, these brain lobes harmoniously collaborate, forming the foundation of our human experience.

ุงุณุชุนุฏ ู„ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ุนู‚ู„ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุชู†ุจุถ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจุนุฌุงุฆุจ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ูˆุนูŠ. ููŠ ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ ุฌู…ุงุฌู…ู†ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุดุจูƒุฉ ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ูุตูˆุต ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ ูˆู‚ุฏุฑุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูุฑูŠุฏุฉ.

ุงู„ูุต ุงู„ุฌุจู‡ูŠุŒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบุŒ ูŠุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ุฑูƒุฒ ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุธู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู…ุงุช ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ. ูˆุจุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ูุต ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑูŠุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู…ู†ุญู†ุง ุญุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ู…ุณุŒ ูˆุงู„ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุงู„ุฌุณู…. ูˆู…ุน ุนูˆุฏุชู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุกุŒ ู†ุนุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุต ุงู„ู‚ุฐุงู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช. ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ููŠ ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ู†ุงุŒ ู†ูƒุชุดู ุงู„ูุต ุงู„ุตุฏุบูŠุŒ ูˆุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุงู„ุณู…ุนูŠุŒ ูˆุงุณุชูŠุนุงุจ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉุŒ ูˆุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑุฉ.

ู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ ุชุชุนุงูˆู† ูุตูˆุต ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชู†ุงุบู…ุŒ ู„ุชุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณ ุชุฌุฑุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ.

prepared by: Ramy Ibrahim

Like many systems in your body, it is formed from many parts. The Nervous system has two main parts: the Central Nervous...
12/09/2023

Like many systems in your body, it is formed from many parts. The Nervous system has two main parts: the Central Nervous System(CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

The brain and Spinal Cord are the two major parts that form CNS. The brain is the main part of the nervous system. The spinal cord sends two main things to two different parts. It sends sensory information from your body to the brain, sends motor commands from the brain to the body, and coordinates reflexes.

PNS is part of the nervous system which is located outside the brain and spinal cord. It relays signals from the brain and spinal cords to all your body organs as organs, arms, legs, fingers, and toes. It consists of two main parts, the Somatic nervous system and the Autonomic nervous system.

The somatic nervous system controls your body's voluntary work( the moves that are under your control). Autonomic Nervous system controls Involuntary movements (the moves that arenโ€™t under our control)

Until now, we explained the nervous system and the most essential parts of this system and their main functions.

ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ููŠ ุฌุณู…ูƒุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฌุฒุงุก. ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุฃูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู†: ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ (CNS) ูˆุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทูŠ (PNS).

ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุกุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุงู† ุงู„ู„ุฐุงู† ูŠุดูƒู„ุงู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ. ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ. ูŠุฑุณู„ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ุดูŠุฆูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฃูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู†. ูู‡ูˆ ูŠุฑุณู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฌุณู…ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบุŒ ูˆูŠุฑุณู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู…ุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุณู‚ ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ูุนู„.

ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ุน ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ. ูู‡ูˆ ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฐุฑุงุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุณุงู‚ูŠู† ูˆุฃุตุงุจุน ุงู„ูŠุฏูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏู…ูŠู†. ูˆูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฌุฒุฃูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠ Somatic nervous system ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุฅุฑุงุฏูŠ Autonomic nervous system . ูŠุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฌุณู…ูƒ (ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุน ุชุญุช ุณูŠุทุฑุชู†ุง). ูŠุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุฅุฑุงุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู„ุงุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ (ุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช ุชุญุช ุณูŠุทุฑุชู†ุง)

ุญุชู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุดุฑุญ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‡ู… ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูˆูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ.

part 2

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544267/ #:~:text=The three primary roles of,the brain%2C and coordinate reflexes

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21202-nervous-system

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23123-peripheral-nervous-system-pns

The nervous system is your body's command center. The nervous system affects your thoughts, memory, learning, and feelin...
09/09/2023

The nervous system is your body's command center. The nervous system affects your thoughts, memory, learning, and feelings. The nervous system controls many things in your body including:

Movements, such as balance and coordination.
- Senses, including how your brain interprets what you see, hear, taste, touch, and feel.
- Sleep, healing, and aging.
- Heartbeat and breathing patterns.
- Response to stressful situations.
- Digestion, as well as how hungry and thirsty you feel.
- Body processes, such as puberty.

The nervous system uses very specialized cells called โ€œneuronsโ€. These neurons communicate and send signals to each other. these electrical signals carry information about your body and the environment around you. Substantial and different kinds of neurons in every part of the human body carry data to and from your brain.

Motor and Sensory neurons are two types of neurons, Motor neurons tell your muscles to move and Sense neurons collect info from the environment around the human body.

ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ. ูŠุคุซุฑ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃููƒุงุฑูƒ ูˆุฐุงูƒุฑุชูƒ ูˆุชุนู„ู…ูƒ ูˆู…ุดุงุนุฑูƒ. ูŠุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ุฌุณู…ูƒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ:

- ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุชุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚.
- ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุนู‚ู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑุงู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุณู…ุนู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุชุฐูˆู‚ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชู„ู…ุณู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุดุนุฑ ุจู‡.
- ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุดูุงุก ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ.
- ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูุณ.
- ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุนุตูŠุจุฉ.
- ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฏู‰ ุดุนูˆุฑูƒ ุจุงู„ุฌูˆุน ูˆุงู„ุนุทุด.
- ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุบ.

ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุจ "ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ". ุชุชูˆุงุตู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ูˆุชุฑุณู„ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ู„ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุซู… ุชุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนู† ุฌุณู…ูƒ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจูƒ. ุชุญู…ู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ู…ู† ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุฏู…ุงุบูƒ.

ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ (ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉ) ูˆ(ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ) ู†ูˆุนุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉ ุชุฎุจุฑ ุนุถู„ุงุชูƒ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุจุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†.

Part 1

It was hard to end this season without making you experience the magic of neuroscience by yourself.So we hold this compe...
28/07/2022

It was hard to end this season without making you experience the magic of neuroscience by yourself.
So we hold this competition with this year's theme (Nero mystery) but it isn't just about neuroscience it's also about the whole medical field.

The challenge is to do a research or project that can solve a problem in the medical field, and your project will be evaluated by professors from the University
You can participate alone or with just one of your friends to send the project before 2/8
Apply now:
https://forms.gle/poZWttLoYc5gNuch7

We can't wait to see your project๐Ÿ”ฅ

๐˜ฝ๐™š๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง ๐™€๐™‰๐™‚๐™‡๐™„๐™Ž๐™ƒ...ููŠ ุนุงู… ๐Ÿญ๐Ÿต๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿณ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู† ุชูƒุณุงุณ ูŠุจู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 55 ุนุงู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ุงุจู†ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุทู‚ ู„ุบุงุช ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ. ุŒ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ู†ูู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุดุง...
04/03/2022

๐˜ฝ๐™š๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง ๐™€๐™‰๐™‚๐™‡๐™„๐™Ž๐™ƒ...
ููŠ ุนุงู… ๐Ÿญ๐Ÿต๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿณ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู† ุชูƒุณุงุณ ูŠุจู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 55 ุนุงู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ุงุจู†ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุทู‚ ู„ุบุงุช ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ. ุŒ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ู†ูู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉุงุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุฌู‡ุงุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฌุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ.
ู…ุชู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงุถุทุฑุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุจุจ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ูุงุฌูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ุจู‡ุง ุจู„ู‡ุฌุฉ ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ. ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุจุณุจุจ ุชู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูƒุญุฏูˆุซ ุณูƒุชุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ุทููŠูุฉ.
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุขุซุงุฑ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ููŠ ู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุนุซู… ุฃูˆ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทู‚ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุŒุชู… ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‡ุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅุณุจุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑูŠุฉ.

In ๐Ÿญ๐Ÿต๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿณ, a 55-year-old Texan male, presented with a day history of another accent. His son said that he pronounces foreign languages. He denied issues with writing, reading, or grammar and denied any other systemic symptoms including neurological deficits.
๐˜๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ข๐˜ค๐˜ค๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต ๐˜ด๐˜บ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ (๐—™๐—”๐—ฆ) is a speech disorder that causes a sudden change to speech so that a native speaker is perceived to speak with a foreign accent. It is most often caused by damage to the brain caused by a stroke or traumatic brain injury.
There are side effects to like distortion Voicing error, trouble with consonant clusters, vowel distortions, and prolongations and until now there isnโ€™t any treatment for the syndrome.
FAS has been documented in cases around the world, including accent changes from Japanese to Korean, British English to French, American-English to British English, and Spanish to Hungarian.

๐—•๐—ฒ๐—น๐—ผ๐˜„ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—˜๐—ก๐—š๐—Ÿ๐—œ๐—ฆ๐—›...ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฅุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูˆู…ุชุตู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุจูƒู„ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุซูŠ...
22/02/2022

๐—•๐—ฒ๐—น๐—ผ๐˜„ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—˜๐—ก๐—š๐—Ÿ๐—œ๐—ฆ๐—›...
ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฅุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูˆู…ุชุตู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุจูƒู„ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุนุตุงุจ ูƒู„ู‡.
ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฅุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ูˆุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ. ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฅุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุตู†ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ุฅุนุงู‚ุงุช ุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ. ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุฅุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ุน ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ. ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุซู… ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุจู†ูุณ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูˆูุฑ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฃูุถู„ ู„ุฃูˆู„ุงุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ุฅุนุงู‚ุงุช.

The science behind artificial organs is very deep and almost connected to every field, but the most interesting field that you may find while searching is ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ.
Today our topic is about artificial organs and their connection with neurons. ๐—”๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ด๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜€ are the organs that are made by humans to help those who have disabilities in some organs, like kidney, eye or even a heart. Some of the organs are works using AI which interferes with neuroscience like artificial hand. It works by receiving the signals sent from the brain then it starts to work by translating those signals. Although itโ€™s not as fast as real hand it gives better life for those who have disabilities.

๐˜ฝ๐™š๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง ๐™€๐™‰๐™‚๐™‡๐™„๐™Ž๐™ƒ...ุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 36 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู‰ ุŒ ูˆู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ู…ุตุงุจูˆู†...
13/02/2022

๐˜ฝ๐™š๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง ๐™€๐™‰๐™‚๐™‡๐™„๐™Ž๐™ƒ...
ุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 36 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู‰ ุŒ ูˆู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ู…ุตุงุจูˆู† ุจุญุงู„ุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ ุฅุนุชุงู… ุนุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†. ุฃู…ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠู† ูู‚ุฏ ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงู ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†.
ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ููƒู…ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู„ู„ุนู„ู… ุญุฏูˆุฏุŒ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ูˆุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุทุฑู‚ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุนู…ู‰. ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุฑุชุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู†ุธุงุฑุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ู…ุซุจุชุฉ ุจูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ. ุชู†ู‚ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุดุจูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ุณุชุญูุฒ ุฃู„ูŠุงู ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุดุจูƒูŠ ู„ุฅุฑุณุงู„ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุชู… ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ "ุจุงู„ุจุตุฑ" ู…ุญุณูˆุณ. ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ุฉ ูˆุธูŠููŠู‹ุง ู„ุงุณุชุนุงุฏุฉ ุญุณุงุณูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ุถูˆุก ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุนู„ุงุฌ ูุนุงู„ ู„ู„ุนู…ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ูˆุฑุงุซูŠู‹ุง.

Studies show that around 36 million people all over the world are suffering from blindness, with most of them acquiring treatable conditions such as cataracts. The remaining have been reported to suffer from conditions that have no discoverable treatment yet.
However, as we know it, there is no limit to advanced medicine and numerous scientists have been working their fingers to the bone trying out and testing new approaches to treat blindness. One suggested procedure is the use of ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฐ or ๐—•๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—ฒ๐˜†๐—ฒ๐˜€, where the patient wears special glasses mounted with a ๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ช ๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฐ ๐˜ค๐˜ข๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ข. This camera transmits instructions about the viewed image to a processor chip attached to the retina of the eye, which in turn would stimulate the retinal nerve fibers to send impulses to the human brain so that an image is produced and the feeling of โ€œ๐™จ๐™ž๐™œ๐™๐™ฉโ€ is perceived. Another proposed method is gene therapy where scientists genetically alter dysfunctional Photoreceptors cells (AKA ๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ฉ๐˜ต ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ๐˜ฑ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ด ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฆ๐˜บ๐˜ฆ) to restore their sensitivity to light, which could prove an effective treatment for genetically-associated ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜€.

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