08/05/2026
What happens when a country begins to disappear beneath the sea?
In her latest article, Sofia Kiryttopoulou explores one of the most urgent and overlooked consequences of climate change: the risk of state extinction.
For low-lying island states such as Tuvalu, Kiribati, and the Maldives, rising sea levels are not a distant threat but a present reality. As coastlines erode and land becomes uninhabitable, international law faces a question it was never designed to answer: can a state continue to exist if it loses its territory?
The article examines how climate change challenges traditional definitions of sovereignty and statehood, while exploring the survival strategies vulnerable states are pursuing — from artificial islands and climate-resilient infrastructure to planned migration and new legal frameworks designed to preserve sovereignty without territory.
It also highlights the growing legal gap surrounding climate displacement, where people forced to flee environmental collapse still lack formal recognition and protection under international refugee law.
💬 “The central question may not simply be whether certain territories will disappear, but whether international law can evolve quickly enough to ensure that the states and populations affected are not erased from the global order.”
📖 Read more via the link in bio