26/08/2026
Anton Beneslavskiy - second chair of Pyrocene Alliance about peat fires:
Does it make sense to wash dirt? Yes, it does. When I was in the Greenpeace Russia firefighting team, we called fighting peat fires 'washing dirt'. This is because it involved hours of monotonous dirty work. Because of pyrolysis.
Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process operated in the absence of oxygen, which could typically convert peat into three phases, namely semi-coke, liquid, and gas. The pyrolysis stage is typical of prolonged peat fires, and the semi-coke produced during this process is one of the main problems for firefighters.
Semi-coke is a solid substance that does not absorb water. When firefighters apply water to a burning peat hotspot, the ashes cool quickly and the water soaks in, leaving the semi-coke dry and hot. It has enough energy to dry and reignite the fuel several days after the firefighters left the scene.
What does a firefighter see after an hour of mixing water and dirt? Cold, wet mud. This seems safe and harmless. However, deep down, there are hot particles that are still undergoing pyrolysis and ready to reignite the peatland. Why does this happen? It is due to wrong tactics and a lack of post-fire control.
In order to destroy semi-coke and cool it properly, a water jet with a pressure of over 3 bars must be applied directly to the solid particle. This process can break a solid piece down into smaller parts, which will cool down when mixed with wet, cool mud. This means that firefighters need to detect the depth and location of semi-coke layers, and then wash and cool the hot ashes. They then need to destroy the semi-coke with a water jet and mix all the small particles with the soil.
Proper work takes a long time. This is why, in a moment of crisis when the fire service is overwhelmed by multiple incidents, peat fires are not properly extinguished – resources cannot stay for hours and hours in an area that seems cold and safe. They need to move on to another active fire. Mop-up work is not the most popular part of a firefighter's job. It is boring and dirty, and provides no moral satisfaction. Imagine that the mop-up operation needs to be extended to double or triple the usual time.
However, fighting peat fires is 90 per cent mopping up. Lack of proper mopping up can lead to new incidents. My colleague Craig Hope wrote a very true account of it in LinkedIn. In peat fires, a lack of proper tactics and control efforts can lead to a situation where the underground fire requires more water than the fire service has available.
If it takes at least one 1t of water to extinguish a 1 sq.m peat hotspot. Just imagine how much water the fire service would need if the entire peat bog were to smoulder. Transporting sufficient quantities of water will be a logistical challenge. And as large peat fires produce a lot of toxic smoke, they will become a threat to the public health.
All this will happen just because a few small particles of peat were not suppressed properly a month ago.