29/06/2026
🔖“Rojava Has Been Extinguished. It is Gone. It Is A Tragedy”: Kurdish Constitutional Struggles, Regional Upheaval, and the Future of Kurdish Self-Determinationm
🎙 An Interview with: Brendan O’Leary, Interviewed by: Mahsun Oti
🌐TISHK Interviews
Abstract
This interview with Prof. Brendan O’Leary—Lauder Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania and former constitutional adviser to the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) from 2003 to 2017—examines the Kurdish constitutional experience in, Iraq, the aftermath of the 2017 independence referendum in Southern Kurdistan[1], and the implications of the current regional upheaval for Kurdish political prospects across Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. Drawing on O’Leary’s extensive work in constitutional design and his direct involvement in Kurdish governance, the interview situates Kurdish political struggles within the comparative frameworks of federalism, consociation, and O’Leary’s views on the “right-sizing” of states. O’Leary offers an assessment of the systematic violations of Iraq’s 2005 constitution, particularly the failure to implement Article 140 on the disputed territories, and the internal Kurdish divisions that led to the catastrophic loss of Kirkuk by the Kurds following the 2017 referendum. The interview further addresses the collapse of the Rojava project in northeastern Syria, the PKK’s disarmament without reciprocal guarantees from Turkey, and the strategic calculus facing Kurds in Iran amid an ongoing regional war. Throughout, O’Leary argues that Kurdish political movements have repeatedly been undermined by a combination of great-power indifference, neighboring-state hostility, and internal fragmentation, a pattern stretching back over a century to the broken promises of the post-World War I order. At a moment when the Middle East is undergoing another profound structural rupture, this interview insists that Kurdish voices and Kurdish historical experiences must be understood not as peripheral footnotes to regional geopolitics, but as central to any durable political settlement.
Read the interview:
https://doi.org/10.69939/2026iv01