13/08/2026
100 years ago, Fidel Castro was born. A dictator turned him into a revolutionary, a US invasion into a socialist.
Born on 13 August 1926 as the son of a plantation owner, Castro studied law at the University of Havana. He intended to run for parliament, but after General Fulgencio Batista’s 1952 coup, the elections were cancelled. Castro unsuccessfully challenged the coup in court – and then turned to other means.
On 26 July 1953, he attacked the Moncada Barracks with 130 rebels. The attack failed and Castro was arrested. At his trial, he delivered his legendary defence: “History will absolve me.” The speech attracted new supporters to his “26th of July Movement”.
On 1 January 1959, the revolution triumphed and Castro became Cuba’s leader. Following the failed CIA-backed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, he declared Cuba a socialist state and aligned it with the Soviet Union. Soviet nuclear missiles on the island brought the world to the brink of nuclear war in 1962. Cuba has faced far-reaching US sanctions ever since, contributing to the severe crisis the country is experiencing today.
Castro linked the Cuban Revolution to the struggle against global inequality. At the UN General Assembly in 1979, he said:
“Why should some people walk barefoot, so that others can travel in luxurious cars? Why should some live for thirty-five years, so that others can live for seventy years? Why should some be miserably poor, so that others can be hugely rich?
I speak on behalf of the children in the world who do not have a piece of bread. I speak on behalf of the sick who have no medicine, of those whose rights to life and human dignity have been denied.”
Cuba became known for its healthcare, education and social welfare systems. Its economic development, however, was constrained by the US blockade and authoritarian centralism in economy and politics.
Castro survived the collapse of the Soviet Union and handed power to his brother Raúl in 2008. He died in Havana on 25 November 2016, aged 90.