29/04/2026
Today is World Dance Day – time to celebrate an art form that stands for individual expression, creativity, and freedom. But during the N**i era in 20th-century Germany, the world of dance was marked by exclusion, forced flight, and persecution.
In the period leading up to 1933, the German dance scene was international, experimental, and diverse. Modern dance broke away from classical ballet and placed greater emphasis on individual expression. Many female dancers became famous stars, and Jewish artists in particular played a key role in shaping the development of modern dance in Germany. But when the N**is came to power, they set about systematically destroying the vibrant, open world of dance. Dancers were pushed out of public life, forced to emigrate, or murdered.
Tatjana Barbakoff, herself a Jewish dancer, was one of them. Born in 1899 in what is now Latvia, she developed her own distinctive dance style in 1920s Germany, blending modern expressionist dance (Ausdruckstanz) with elaborate costumes and highly stylized movements. After her breakthrough in 1925, she became an international star. But from 1933 onward, she was no longer safe in Germany because she was Jewish, so she fled into exile in France. The Gestapo arrested her in Nice in early 1944. The N**is deported Tatjana to Auschwitz via the Drancy assembly and transit camp. She was murdered there on February 6.
Learn more about Tatjana Barbakoff in our article “Dance, Resistance, and Persecution in the N**i State”: https://arolsen-archives.org/en/news/dance-resistance-and-persecution-in-the-nazi-state/