07/12/2026
Martha Ann Lillard, the last known American living in an iron lung, has died at 78 after long COVID and the failure of her aging machine.
Rest in peace 🕊
Lillard contracted polio on her fifth birthday in 1953, just two years before the first effective polio vaccine became widely available in the United States.
Within days, she could no longer breathe or move her arms and legs. Doctors placed her inside an iron lung, a large metal ventilator that used changes in air pressure to expand and contract her chest.
Lillard later regained the ability to walk, but the disease left her with a paralyzed right arm, scoliosis, and only about 25% lung capacity. She continued using the iron lung because modern respirators could not provide the breathing support she needed.
Despite those challenges, Lillard built a creative and compassionate life. She painted, wrote poetry, composed music for the left hand piano, and was remembered for helping people and rescuing abandoned animals.
In later years, post-polio syndrome caused increasing weakness and fatigue. After contracting COVID-19 twice and developing long COVID, she eventually needed the iron lung around the clock.
Keeping the decades-old machine working became increasingly difficult. Some of its parts dated to the 1940s, and her family struggled to find anyone who knew how to repair it. When a tornado caused a power outage last year, her husband kept her breathing through mouth-to-mouth resuscitation until help arrived.
Lillard died on June 26. Her obituary listed long COVID as her cause of death.
Rest peacefully 🕊
📸Credit: Jennings Brown/Gizmodo/Polio Network