06/16/2026
The U.S.–Iran preliminary MoU framework is a welcome diplomatic opening — but it should not be mistaken for a durable settlement.
If the 60-day negotiation window fails, the next phase of confrontation may not be defined by conventional military targets alone. It may shift toward infrastructure: energy networks, ports, electricity grids, transportation systems, water infrastructure, industrial capacity, and public services.
In this timely analysis for IPD, Arsham Reisinezhad and سیمرغ ایران | آرش رئیسینژاد argue that infrastructure warfare would carry risks far beyond , the United States, and . It could regionalize the conflict, expose critical infrastructure, disrupt energy and fertilizer markets, and deepen global economic insecurity.
Read the full analysis on IPD website.