10/13/2025
On this day in 1812, war came to Upper Canada. American forces lead by General Stephan Van Rensselaer, crossed the Niagara river at Queenston in a surprise attack and captured the Redan battery (a large cannon located on the Heights, which was perceived to be a threat to the village of Lewiston New York).
Some of the Americans lead by Captain Wool had gone along the river bank where they found a way up the steep gorge, climbed to the top and captured the battery by attacking from the rear. The Americans then turned the cannon at the tiny village of Queenston.
British General Brock personally took command of his old regiment, the 49th Regiment of Foot, and the 2nd Regiment of York Militia to wrestle Queenston Heights back from American control.
Brock led his “Brave York Volunteers” up the Heights to the American positions. Despite being shot in the arm, the General continued to lead his men and almost closed the distance, when, leading from the front with sword held high, an American sniper took aim and shot him. The musket ball penetrated his heart and he fell to the ground dying almost instantly. Despite the death of their beloved leader, the 49th and the 2nd York nearly took the heights from American control before additional American reinforcements arrived and finally pushed the attacking British from the heights.
The counterattack faltered, then retreated down the slope. An aide to Brock, Colonel John Macdonell, arrived with two more companies, renewed the attack, and reached the abandoned gun postion on the heights before Macdonell too was killed.
The Americans on the Heights began to fortify their postition against a British Frontal attack up the escarpment.
British General Roger Hale Sheaffe, leading a British column from Fort George along the river road, made a detour back off the river road to remain out of the Americans site arriving at the top of the Heights out-flanking the Americans.
A small detachment of Major John Norton's Mohawk warriors harrassed the Americans with sporadic attacks during which they filled the air with piercing war cries terrifying the American troops.
The Americans were in an exposed position with the gorge and escarpment on the sides and in their rear and the British in front of them. By the time more British and Canadian troops arrived from Fort Erie (including Rauncey's 'Coloured' corps), most of the American attackers had been either killed, captured, or retreated back across the river.