08/21/2026
Detecting something approaching North America is only the beginning.
It must be tracked and identified. Its behaviour has to be assessed. Information must reach those responsible for deciding whether a response is required.
For the defence of North American airspace, Canada does not do this alone. Nor does the United States.
Canada and the United States operate the North American Aerospace Defense Command — NORAD — as a binational military command.
Its network includes satellites, ground-based and airborne radar, command and control systems and fighter aircraft. In Canada, the Canadian NORAD Region is headquartered at 1 Canadian Air Division in Winnipeg and is responsible for the surveillance, identification, control and warning required to defend Canadian and North American airspace.
When necessary, Canadian CF-18s can be deployed to northern Forward Operating Locations, including Inuvik, Yellowknife and Iqaluit. Those locations are now being upgraded as Canada modernizes its contribution to NORAD and prepares for the F-35.
But NORAD’s defining feature isn’t simply the equipment. It is integration.
Canadian and American personnel, sensors and aircraft contribute to the defence of the continent through a shared command structure.
NORAD isn’t the United States defending Canada. It is Canada and the United States defending North America together.
Canada’s Arctic makes that cooperation increasingly important. Its enormous distances also raise questions about infrastructure, range, logistics, and the ability to operate effectively in northern conditions.
As activity in the Arctic grows, so too does the importance of being able to monitor, reach, and operate across the region.
A border on a map is only the beginning. Sovereignty must be exercised.
📷 Two CF-18 Hornets from 401 Tactical Fighter Squadron in Cold Lake, Alberta, approach a CC-150 Polaris Airbus from 437 Transport Squadron in Trenton, Ontario to conduct air-to-air refueling operations over the Canadian Arctic during the NORAD Exercise AMALGAM DART 21-2, on March 23, 2021.