Youth Action For Social Change - YASC

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Youth Action For Social Change - YASC Youth Action For Social Change (YASC) is a youth based non profit organization dedicated to build social awareness in Rajshahi.

It's vision is to end different social discrimination in society and to bring positive change in society as well as to create leaders. As a part of our community service we took different Social Action Project (SAP).

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01/09/2026

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Rajshahi groups seek action to halt illegal lead recycling in cityThe memorandum cites child lead exposure risks, allege...
31/08/2026

Rajshahi groups seek action to halt illegal lead recycling in city

The memorandum cites child lead exposure risks, alleged nighttime battery burning in Paba and calls for mobile courts, monitoring and public awareness campaigns.

Youth and environmental groups in Rajshahi on Sunday submitted a memorandum to the district administration demanding an immediate halt to the illegal burning of old batteries for lead production and recycling, saying the practice threatens the environment, biodiversity and public health.

A delegation from Varendra Youth Forum and Green Coalition, an alliance of youth, environmental, voluntary, social and cultural organisations in the Barind region of northwestern Bangladesh, submitted the memorandum at 2:00 pm to Rajshahi Deputy Commissioner and District Magistrate Kazi Shahidul Islam.

The memorandum said old batteries are being burned illegally to produce and recycle lead, a process it described as highly dangerous for the environment and public health.

It said the burning of batteries produces toxic black smoke with a strong, pungent smell, creating severe air pollution and health risks. Tiny particles of lead enter the air and sharply increase lead levels in the human body, it said, adding that exposure can cause breathing difficulties, pneumonia, kidney complications, anaemia and even cancer.

The groups said the pollution also contaminates soil, water and air, damages cropland and kills livestock and biodiversity.

Citing UNICEF’s report “The toxic truth: Children’s exposure pollution undermines a generation of potential”, the memorandum said one in three children worldwide, or about 800 million children, have blood lead levels at or above 5 micrograms per decilitre. Nearly half of them live in South Asia.

In Bangladesh, an estimated 35.5 million children have blood lead levels of 5 micrograms per decilitre, the memorandum said. It added that lead poisoning severely hampers children’s brain development, and that Bangladesh ranks fourth among the worst-affected countries in terms of the number of children affected.

The memorandum alleged that an illegal battery-burning operation has long been running inside the boundary of a business named “Eight Star Metal” near the road beside the Fire Service station on Airport Road in Paba Upazila of Rajshahi district.

It said old batteries are burned there at night and lead is collected, putting Rajshahi’s environment, biodiversity, agricultural land and public health at serious risk.

The memorandum said existing environmental laws and policies in Bangladesh prohibit such activities, but illegal factories continue to operate in Rajshahi and other parts of the country. Authorities sometimes conduct drives to shut them down, it said.

The groups placed five demands for stopping the illegal burning of old batteries for lead production and recycling in Rajshahi and across Bangladesh.

They demanded an immediate halt to illegal battery burning at night in Paba and all other areas of Rajshahi, and the permanent eviction of all illegal factories built beside localities and cropland.

They also demanded the arrest and exemplary punishment of owners involved in lead burning without environmental clearance and licences.

The memorandum called for stronger monitoring to protect Rajshahi’s environment, biodiversity and public health, and for regular mobile courts by the Department of Environment and local administration. It said surveillance should be increased in such areas, particularly from evening to dawn.

The groups also called for government action to raise awareness about the dangers of lead pollution, including public announcements by microphone and awareness meetings in different areas. Local youth and voluntary organisations should be involved in the effort, they said.

Separate memoranda were also sent to Rajshahi Divisional Commissioner Md Yusuf Ali, Department of Environment Rajshahi Deputy Director Mosammat Tachmina Khatun and Paba Upazila Nirbahi Officer Md Ibnul Abedin.

Those present included Barendra Youth Forum President Md Atiqur Rahman, General Secretary Poly Rani, Amar Bangla Tarun Sangha President Tahmid Zaki, Swachchhalata Association President Ehteshamul Alam Joha, Green Coalition Rajshahi members Miratuz Jahan Mili, Rakib Hasan Bappi and Sumaiya Khatun, among others.

During the meeting with the deputy commissioner, the delegation urged immediate effective steps to stop lead pollution to protect Rajshahi’s environment, biodiversity and public health. They also called for action to protect Rajshahi’s ponds, dighis, water bodies and reservoirs.

The Climate Watch

Demands Action on Lead PollutionFive key Demands from Varendra Youth Forum  and Green Coalition Rajshahi.               ...
31/08/2026

Demands Action on Lead Pollution
Five key Demands from Varendra Youth Forum and Green Coalition Rajshahi.

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30/08/2026

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āχāωāύāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻĢ â€˜āĻĻā§āϝ āϟāĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻŸā§āϰ⧁āĻĨ: āϚāĻŋāϞāĻĄā§āϰ⧇āύāϏ āĻāĻ•ā§āϏāĻĒā§‹āϜāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϞāĻŋāωāĻļāύ āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϏ āĻ āĻœā§‡āύāĻžāϰ⧇āĻļāύ āĻ…āĻŦ āĻĒā§‹āĻŸā§‡āύāĻļāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻ˛â€™ āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āώāĻ• āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻœā§ā§œā§‡ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ ā§Žā§Ļ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇ āϏāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻĄā§‡āϏāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ⧇ ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻžāϰāĻ“ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϧ⧇āϕ⧇āϰ āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻŖ āĻāĻļāĻŋ⧟āĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āφāύ⧁āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• ā§Š āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ ā§Ģā§Ģ āϞāĻžāĻ– āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇ āϏāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ/āĻĄā§‡āϏāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻāϤ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āϕ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻžāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϏāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžā§Ÿ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āĨ¤ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻļāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āϭ⧇āϤāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āϚāϤ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĨ¤

āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻ•āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇, āϰāĻžāϜāĻļāĻžāĻšā§€āϰ āĻĒāĻŦāĻž āωāĻĒāĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āϏ⧜āϕ⧇ āĻĢāĻžā§ŸāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ “āĻāχāϟ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§‡āϟāĻžāĻ˛â€ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰāĻŋāϰ āϭ⧇āϤāϰ⧇ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧇ āϚāϞāϛ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦ⧈āϧ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĒā§‹ā§œāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āφāϧāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰāύ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĒā§‹ā§œāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŋāϏāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻŦ⧈āϧāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĒ⧁⧜āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϏāĻŋāϏāĻž āĻĒā§‹ā§œāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧇ āϰāĻžāϜāĻļāĻžāĻšā§€āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ-āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ, āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋāϜāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ“ āϜāύāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ• āĻšā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻŋāϰ āĻŽā§āϖ⧇ āĻĒ⧜āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āφāχāύ āĻ“ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āύāĻŋāώāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧ āĻšāϞ⧇āĻ“ āϰāĻžāϜāĻļāĻžāĻšā§€āϏāĻš āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦ⧈āϧāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ–āĻžāύāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇, āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϝāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āωāĻĻā§āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ¨ā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤

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A climate-resilient tree planting and seed-sowing campaign was held in the drought-prone Barind region as part of effort...
25/08/2026

A climate-resilient tree planting and seed-sowing campaign was held in the drought-prone Barind region as part of efforts to promote local biodiversity, food security and environmental sustainability.

Development research organisation BARCIK, Green Coalition, agricultural researchers, and teachers and students of Talanda Ananda Mohan High School jointly organised the programme on Tuesday.

The initiative was undertaken in solidarity with the government's programme to plant 250 million trees across the country. The organisers aim to sow seeds of 1 million native fruit, forest and medicinal tree species across the Barind region, including Rajshahi and Chapainawabganj districts.

As part of the campaign, seeds were sown along both sides of a two-kilometre road in Talanda village of Tanore upazila in Rajshahi after school hours.

Teachers and students, local farmers and members of the Green Coalition jointly sowed around 2,000 palmyra palm seeds, 1,000 native jujube seeds, 500 neem seeds, 100 tamarind seeds, 200 native date palm seeds, 150 jackfruit seeds and around 400 black plum seeds along the road.

National Agriculture Award-winning self-taught agricultural researcher and Green Coalition Tanore upazila convener farmer Nur Mohammad, BARCIK regional coordinator Shahidul Islam, Barind Youth Forum President Atikur Rahman, assistant teachers Mrinal Kumar Pal and Monira Khatun, Jayanti Rani and other teachers of Talanda school attended the programme along with around 200 students.

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Bangladesh Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh - āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϞ⧟ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ, āϰāĻžāϜāĻļāĻžāĻšā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧟, āϰāĻžāϜāĻļāĻžāĻšā§€ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰ-Department of Environment-DOE

Rajshahi slum residents demand fair access to social protection nowSpeakers urged authorities to remove paperwork, addre...
24/08/2026

Rajshahi slum residents demand fair access to social protection now

Speakers urged authorities to remove paperwork, address and administrative barriers that prevent Rajshahi’s urban poor from receiving state support during economic and climate-related shocks.

Low-income and marginalised residents of a slum in the northwestern Bangladesh city of Rajshahi have demanded effective access to government social protection programmes, saying many eligible urban poor people remain excluded despite facing poverty, insecure work, rising prices, health risks, unsafe housing and growing climate-related threats.

The demands were raised on Sunday, August 23, at an advocacy meeting titled “Problems faced by low-income urban people in being included in social protection programmes” at Budhpara slum under Motihar police station in Rajshahi city.

The meeting was jointly organised by BARCIK, a development research organisation and the Barind Youth Forum with members of the urban poor community living in the slum.

Speakers said the purpose of social protection programmes was to reduce poverty and inequality and ensure security for the lives and livelihoods of vulnerable people. But they said many eligible slum residents were still being left out because of a lack of information, shortages of necessary documents including national identity cards and birth certificates, problems over permanent addresses, complicated application procedures and barriers in communicating with relevant offices.

They said urban poverty differed from rural poverty, with most slum residents working in the informal sector, earning irregular incomes and facing insecure jobs and housing.

Sudden crises such as heatwaves, heavy rainfall, waterlogging, fires, disease or loss of employment can push a poor family deeper into poverty, the speakers said.

“Social protection is not charity or a donation; it is a human right and a responsibility of the state,” they said.

Slum residents play an important role in keeping the city’s economy and daily life functioning, but the social and institutional protection they receive remains very limited compared with their labour and contribution, the speakers said.

Domestic workers, rickshaw and van drivers, construction workers, small traders, cleaners, hawkers and large numbers of people in informal work are an important part of the urban economy, they said. But their incomes and livelihoods remain highly insecure, making it urgent to make social protection life-cycle-based, employment-sensitive and responsive to disaster risks.

Rahima Khatun, 60, a resident of Budhpara slum, said many people in the area did not know how to access government services.

“We live in the city, we work in the city but many of us do not know about government opportunities and services. We do not know where to go, how to apply or what papers are needed. Because of paperwork or address problems, we often do not receive benefits even when we are eligible. We want the government and relevant offices to come to the slum, give us information and help us apply,” she said.

Another resident, Jaheda Begum, 55, said income insecurity made poor families especially vulnerable to shocks.

“Our income is not the same every day. If there is no work, there is no income. If illness, an accident, extreme heat, rain and waterlogging or fire causes damage, it becomes difficult to recover. Families with elderly people, women, children and members with disabilities face even more problems. We want social protection not to remain only on paper but to reach poor people like us in reality,” she said.

Rahela Begum, 62, said residents often gave up after repeated attempts to seek services.

“When we go to the councillor’s office for services, they send us away saying the papers are not correct or it cannot be done now. After going again and again, we stop going,” she said.

Md Atikur Rahman, president of the Barind Youth Forum, said the exclusion of slum residents reflected both administrative weakness and social inequality.

“The purpose of social protection programmes is to protect the most vulnerable people in society. But if urban slum residents are excluded from these benefits because of information, paperwork, address or administrative complexities, that is not only an administrative gap but also an expression of social inequality. Specific targets, easy application procedures and participation of local people must be ensured for the urban poor. Climate change is increasing their risks, so social protection must also be linked with climate adaptation,” he said.

Amit Sarkar, programme officer at BARCIK, said income alone did not capture the full scale of vulnerability faced by slum communities.

“If the poverty of slum residents is measured only by income, the real picture of their risks will not be found. They live with multidimensional risks including unsafe housing, irregular income, health risks, limited water and sanitation, fires, waterlogging and heatwaves. Therefore, social protection should not be limited to preparing lists; support is needed at every stage, including information, paperwork, application, verification and receipt of funds,” he said.

The meeting called for updated lists of potential social protection beneficiaries in all slums and informal settlements under Rajshahi City Corporation, and the inclusion of all eligible elderly people, widows, women deserted or distressed by husbands, persons with disabilities, pregnant and lactating mothers and poor students in relevant programmes.

Participants also demanded information services, help desks and simple application processes in slum areas; support for poor people in preparing national identity cards, birth certificates, bank or mobile financial accounts and other necessary documents; specific targets and adequate allocations for urban poor and slum residents in social protection programmes; transparency, accountability and participation of local slum residents in beneficiary selection; and risk-responsive and adaptation-oriented social protection for poor families affected by urban disasters including heatwaves, waterlogging and fires.

The meeting also called for meaningful participation of slum residents in urban development, housing, rehabilitation and climate adaptation planning.

Participants urged Rajshahi City Corporation, the district administration, the Department of Social Services, institutions linked to women and children’s affairs and all government agencies implementing social protection programmes to identify barriers to the inclusion of slum residents and urban poor people and take swift, coordinated action.

Speakers said it would not be possible to build an inclusive, just and climate-resilient Rajshahi by excluding the urban poor. They said slum residents must be recognised not merely as beneficiaries but as rights-bearing citizens and partners in urban development.

Link in Comments:

The Climate Watch
āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰ-Department of Environment-DOE , Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Bangladesh PMO Bangladesh - āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧟ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ, āϰāĻžāϜāĻļāĻžāĻšā§€

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24/08/2026

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āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ āĻ“ āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ ‘āĻĻāĻžāϏ-āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāϞ⧋āĻĒ’ āĻŦāĻž ‘āϚāĻž-āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻŖāĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžâ€™ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¸â€”āϕ⧋āύ⧋āϟāĻŋāχ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻž āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āĨ¤ āϜ⧁āϞ⧁āĻŽ āĻ“ āϜāĻŦāϰāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ†ā§œāĻžāϞ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϝ⧇ āĻ•āϞ⧋āύāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϞ āϞāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻŸā§‡āύ⧇ āϚāϞ⧇āϛ⧇ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ, āϤāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽā§‚āϞ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻĻ⧈āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāϜ⧁āϰāĻŋ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āϟāĻžāĻ•āĻž, āĻ¨ā§āϝ⧂āύāϤāĻŽ āĻŽāϜ⧁āϰāĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖā§€āϤ ⧍ā§Ļā§¨ā§Š āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϗ⧇āĻœā§‡āϟ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻŋāϞ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āϚāĻž āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āχāωāύāĻŋ⧟āύ⧇āϰ (āĻŦāĻŋ-ā§­ā§­) āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤â€”āĻāχ āϚāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻĢāĻž āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰāĻ“ āϏ⧋āĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύāĨ¤

āĻĻāĻžāϏ-āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ â€˜āĻ—ā§‹āĻ°ā§‡â€™ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āϰ ‘āϞ⧇āĻŦāĻžāϰ āϞāĻžāχāĻ¨â€™
⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§§ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āϏ⧇āύ⧇āĻ—āĻžāϞ āĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢā§‹āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ⧀āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāϰ āφāĻŽāĻŋāύ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϞ⧜āĻžāĻ‡ā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āϭ⧇āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āĻ“ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāĨ¤ āϰāĻžāϜāϧāĻžāύ⧀ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžā§œāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āφāĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āωāĻĒāϕ⧂āϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŦ⧃āĻšā§Ž āĻĻāĻžāϏ-āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ ‘āĻ—ā§‹āϰ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒā§‡â€™āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϤ⧁āĻ—āĻŋāϜ, āĻĄāĻžāϚ, āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜ āĻ“ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋāϰāĻž āĻāχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻž āύāĻŋ⧟āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤāĨ¤ āĻ–ā§‹āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ—āϰāĻžāĻĻ-āϘāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻžāϏ-āύāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧟ āĻŽāĻžā§āϚ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϕ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻžāϧ⧀ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

āĻĢ⧇āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āφāϟāϞāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĸ⧇āĻ‰ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻā§‚āϰ⧇ āϏāϰāϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ—ā§‹āϰ⧇āϕ⧇ āφāϰ āĻ…āĻšā§‡āύāĻž āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻž āϤ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āϰ ‘āϞ⧇āĻŦāĻžāϰ āϞāĻžāχāĻ¨â€™ āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋ! āχāωāύ⧇āϏāϕ⧋ āĻ—ā§‹āϰ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻšā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āϜ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ”āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻāĻžāϏāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻšāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻāĻžāρ⧜āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ–āύ⧋ āĻšā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āϜ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇?

āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧟ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āϚāϞāϛ⧇, āφāϰ⧇āĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϏāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ“ āύāĻŋāĻĒā§€ā§œāύāϕ⧇ āϚ⧁āϰāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰāĻž ‘āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āϞ⧁āϕ⧇ āϚāϞ⧋ āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹āϞāĻ¨â€™ āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§€āĻŖāϜāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āφāϞāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϜāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧁āϰāĻž āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤāĨ¤ ā§§ā§Ŧ āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϤāĨ¤ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ āφāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻžāϤ⧇ āύāĻž āĻĒ⧇āϰ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻ—āĻžā§œāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϕ⧇āωāĻŦāĻž āĻšā§‡āρāĻŸā§‡āχ āϰāĻ“āύāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ ⧧⧝⧍⧧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŽā§‡ āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰāĨ¤ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ āĻ“ āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāĻŽ āϚāĻž-āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻŖāĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ āύ⧟; āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĻāĻžāϏāĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻž āφāϰ āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻļā§‹āώāϪ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϗ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŦ āφāĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāύāχ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāϞ āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹āϤ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĨ¤

āĻĻāĻžāϏ-āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāĻˇā§āϠ⧁āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ
āĻĻāĻžāϏ-āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻˇā§āϠ⧁āϰāϤāĻž āφāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϏ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋāϰ āϰ⧁āϟāϏ āωāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āϕ⧁āĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻŋāϰ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ–āύ⧋āĨ¤ āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻĄāĻŋāύāĻ•āĻž āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϜāĻžāϞ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϧāϰ⧇ āĻāύ⧇ āϝāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĻāĻžāϏ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻšā§‡āϰāĻŋ⧟āϟ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‹āϰ⧇āϰ āφāĻ™ā§āĻ•āϞ āϟāĻŽâ€™āϏ āϕ⧇āĻŦāĻŋāύ (ā§§ā§Žā§Ģ⧍), āωāχāϞāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻŽ āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āϞāϏ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāωāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϞ⧋āĻŸā§‡āϞ (ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§Š), āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ āĻŽā§‡āϰāĻ­āĻŋāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āύāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āϏ⧇āϰ⧇āύ⧋ (ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§Ģ), āϟāύāĻŋ āĻŽāϰāĻŋāϏāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āϞāĻžāϭ⧇āĻĄ (ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§­), āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§‡ā§ŸāĻž āϞ⧇āĻ­āĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§āϝ āϞāĻ‚ āϏāĻ‚ (⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ) āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻž āĻ‡ā§ŸāĻž āϜāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϏāĻŋāϰ ‘āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ—ā§‹ā§ŸāĻŋāĻ‚ (⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ)’ āφāĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āĻ“ āĻĻāĻžāϏ-āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ, āĻ”āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ• āϜ⧁āϞ⧁āĻŽ, āĻĻāĻžāϏāĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻž āĻ“ āĻĻāĻžāϏ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ⧋āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āφāύ⧇āĨ¤

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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϜāĻŽāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ—āϰāĻŋāĻŦ āĻ“ āĻ‹āĻŖāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώāϕ⧇ āĻļā§āϰāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽā§Ÿā§‡ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧟āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϏ āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāϤāĨ¤ āĻ—ā§ƒāĻšāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āϘāĻŋāϰ⧇āχ āĻ—ā§œā§‡ āϤ⧋āϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āĻĻāĻžāϏāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻœā§€āĻŦāύāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰāĻŋ, āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϝ⧋āĻ—, āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ, āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•ā§āώ, āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āϝ, āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻ“ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻāϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ āĻĻāĻžāϏāĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžā§ŸāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϜāĻžāϰāĻŋ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇āĨ¤ āϏ⧁āϞāϤāĻžāύāĻŋ āφāĻŽāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāϰ āϏ⧁āϞāϤāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻĻāĻžāϏ āφāĻŽāĻĻāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āύ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāϤ āφāĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ ‘āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻļāĻŋ’ āĻĻāĻžāϏāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āϜāĻžāύāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻžāϏāĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦ⧈āĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻāĻžāϏ-āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§ŸāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒā§€ā§Ÿ āωāĻĒāύāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļāĨ¤

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āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇ ā§Žā§Ģ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ—ā§‹āĻˇā§āĻ ā§€āϰ āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏāĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ ‘āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰ āύ⧃āĻ—ā§‹āĻˇā§āĻ ā§€ āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ āφāχāύ⧇āĻ°â€™ āϤāĻĢāϏāĻŋāϞāϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ ā§§ā§Ž āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϏāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž, āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝāϰ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āχ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāϪ⧇ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āĻ“ āĻ—ā§œā§‡ āωāϠ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ• āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒāϰāĻŦ, āύ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻžāύ āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ ‘āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āĻ°â€™ āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚ⧟āϕ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞ⧇ āϧāϰāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹āĻ—āϤ āĻ…āύāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύāĻŋ⧟āĻž āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰāĻžāχ āĻ•āϚāĻŋ āϚāĻž-āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ ‘āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāϚāĻ–āĻž/āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻĄāϞāĻžāĻ°â€™ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āϚāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§€ āĻ•ā§āώāϤ⧇ āϜāĻžāĻ—āϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ-āĻŽāĻžāĻĻāϞ āĻŦāĻžāϜāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϕ⧋āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ, āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ āĻ•āĻŋ āϤāĻž āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ?

āĻĒāĻžāϭ⧇āϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•, āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€

Prothom Alo

āϞāĻŋāĻ‚āĻ• āĻ•āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡:

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŦāύ, āĻŦāύāĻœâ€Œ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āϏ⧁āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύ⧀ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇! āĻŦāύāĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻāĻ–āϞāĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž, āĻŦ⧃āĻ•ā§āώ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϏāĻš āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ...
24/08/2026

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŦāύ, āĻŦāύāĻœâ€Œ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āϏ⧁āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύ⧀ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇! āĻŦāύāĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻāĻ–āϞāĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž, āĻŦ⧃āĻ•ā§āώ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϏāĻš āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āφāχāύ⧇āϰ āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϜāϰ⧁āϰāĻŋ!

āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰ-Department of Environment-DOE PMO Bangladesh - āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧟ Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Bangladesh

Farmer-led banana exchanges enrich Barind agrobiodiversity, study saysThe BARCIK field findings highlight how village le...
22/08/2026

Farmer-led banana exchanges enrich Barind agrobiodiversity, study says

The BARCIK field findings highlight how village learning centres and household exchanges are keeping indigenous banana varieties alive while supporting food culture, local knowledge and climate-resilient farming.

Farmer-led exchanges of local banana varieties are helping conserve and expand crop diversity in Bangladesh’s drought-prone Barind region, according to a three-year field study by development research organisation BARCIK.

The study, based on information and experience from 901 households in 14 villages, documented the cultivation and spread of 17 indigenous and locally known banana varieties in parts of Paba, Tanore and Nachol upazilas.

The findings were presented on Thursday, August 20, 2026, at a discussion on farmer-led research into indigenous banana diversity in Nodikhanda village of Darshanpara union in Paba upazila of Rajshahi district. The event was organised by BARCIK and the Green Coalition.

BARCIK anthropologist and regional coordinator Md Shahidul Islam presented the combined field report from the three upazilas, linking indigenous banana diversity with wider agrobiodiversity and agroecological farming systems.

The study identified local banana varieties known as Chini or Chini Champa, Bichi, Manik, Jin, Sabri or Shabri, Sabuj Anachi, Sada Anachi, Zed, Kathali, Anaji, Monohor, Sagor, Achin, Lal Kola or Agnishwar, Anupam, Ete and Modna.

Field data showed that some varieties had long been confined to a few households, while others expanded into new areas through exchanges among farmers.

According to the study, Anaji, Anachi, Bichi, Manik, Sabri or Shabri and Chini Champa had spread relatively widely. Other varieties, including Jin, Sada Anachi, Zed, Sagor, Achin and Lal Kola or Agnishwar, were also found to have moved between farming households.

Some varieties are eaten ripe as fruit, some are used green as vegetables and others are linked to local food culture and traditional knowledge, the study found.

The research highlighted the role of Agroecology Learning Centres and “model hundred homes” in conserving and expanding local varieties. At the learning centres, farmers from different villages gathered to discuss crop varieties, cultivation practices, uses and local agricultural knowledge.

Through these discussions, farmers identified who had which variety and who needed planting materials. The model homes worked as practical spaces for household-based safe food production and conservation of agricultural diversity.

BARCIK said its role in the process was mainly to facilitate and connect farmers. It helped move saplings and planting materials from farmers in one village to interested farmers in another, allowing conservation to take place in living form on farms and homesteads rather than at a single central site.

Sultana Khatun, a woman farmer who runs the Bil Nepal Para Agroecology Learning Centre in Paba upazila, said 10 indigenous banana varieties were collected from different villages in 2024 and cultivated experimentally at one site in Nodikhanda village under the management of Mosammat Moslema Khatun.

“After that, the varieties were exchanged from here to villages in different unions and also to other upazilas,” she said.

Raihan Kabir Ranju, a farmer-researcher with BARCIK in Nachol upazila of Chapainawabganj district, said he brought three varieties, Agnishwar, Kathali and Chini, from Gaibandha.

“Now these have spread to more than 90 families through sapling exchanges,” he said, adding that the spread was continuing day by day.

Jitendranath, a farmer who runs the Gokul-Mathura Agroecology Learning Centre in Tanore upazila, said many villages once had a range of indigenous banana varieties.

“Because of modern farming and the temptation of higher yields, we are losing them. After losing them, we understand what treasures we have lost,” he said.

He said the varieties still existed in scattered form and that banana diversity could return to villages if they were identified and exchanged.

Mosammat Kobuljan, a woman farmer who runs the Haridebpur Agroecology Learning Centre in Tanore, said indigenous banana varieties were linked to local heritage.

“Our own tradition is hidden in indigenous bananas. Hindus have some pujas that are performed with Jin bananas,” she said. “If there is no Jin banana, how will they perform the puja? So we need to protect indigenous banana varieties for our own interest.”

Mosammat Mahmuda Begum, an elderly woman farmer from a model hundred-home family in Bil Dharmapur village of Paba upazila, said green Anaji banana was believed to help with diarrhoea, stomach problems and dysentery, while Anupam banana was considered beneficial for pregnant mothers and their children.

“Every indigenous banana has its own taste, smell, qualities and characteristics. Banana is useful to us not only as a fruit but also as a vegetable,” she said. “Bichi banana is believed to help men with semen-related diseases. These bananas are useful to us.”

Participants in the discussion described the qualities and characteristics of different banana varieties.

Speakers said indigenous banana diversity was not only about fruit diversity. It was also tied to farmers’ local knowledge, food culture, household food security, homestead-based production, social cooperation and agrobiodiversity.

“When a variety moves from one farmer to another, it is not only a sapling that is transferred,” speakers said. “Knowledge of identifying the variety, cultivation experience and local uses are also transferred.”

Based on the research findings, speakers called for recognition of farmer leadership in conserving indigenous and local varieties, inclusion of local agrobiodiversity and agroecology in union and upazila-level agricultural planning, strengthening farmer-based variety exchange systems and creating community registers of local varieties.

They said that amid climate change, drought and uniform production systems in agriculture, local varieties held by farmers were important resources for the future of farming.

Indigenous variety conservation should not be seen only as a way to protect past heritage, but also as a strategy for building safe, diverse and climate-resilient agriculture for the future, they said.

The study of 901 household-variety exchange records and 17 local banana varieties showed that diversity held by farmers is one of the foundations of agriculture’s future.

The discussion and presentation of field-based findings were attended by BARCIK programme officers Amrit Kumar Sarkar, Md Touhidul Islam and Md Shahidul Islam Shahid, Barendra Youth Forum President Atiqur Rahman Atiq and 65 farmers from 10 villages in three upazilas who have played roles in expanding indigenous banana varieties.

Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh - āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϞ⧟ Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Bangladesh Ministry of Food PMO Bangladesh - āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧟
The Climate Watch

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