10/09/2026
ABORIGINAL PATHWAYS
There is evidence to say that the Aboriginal people were living in the Hawkesbury River area at least 25,000 years before Europeans arrived.
It is understood that the first Australians organized themselves into clans of around 25 to 60 members and lived together as an extended family group. They were highly mobile hunter-gatherers and utilized different resources when available seasonally, necessitating movement and trade.
Before European settlement, many Aboriginal people who lived in modern-day Hornsby Shire, lived much of their life on the banks of the Hawkesbury River and its tributaries. Therefore, they used the river and creeks to move around, sometimes for long distances.
There were, and still are today, networks of overland Aboriginal pathways called muru all over the Hornsby Shire. Aboriginal people often traversed the landscape using these pathways to get between campsites, to access seasonal food, trade and to participate in ceremonies. They knew this pathway network just as we today know our local road network.
It is known that Berowra Creek was a meeting place where trade was regularly conducted between clans and tribes. On and around Berowra Creek various clans would have fished, traded and socialized together and even held corroborees. Many would sometimes travel a significant distance from their traditional area to trade, feast and participate in song and dance.
A Garigal man’s kit would be made up of several spears, a spear thrower (woomera), a shield, club, boomerang, hatchet, shell scraper and net bags. Only the hatchet and shell scraper were stone. As most of the stone indigenous the local area was soft sandstone, the hard stones needed for hatchets and scrapers were acquired from outside the area or traded in. These hard stones generally originated from places such as Richmond, the Nepean or Hunter regions.
The path network mostly follows the top of the ridges because of the nature of the environment. Crossing or following a valley could mean the traveller became trapped in the area making it much more difficult to move around and a much longer walk.
These original paths were about a metre wide and were maintained by hand or by burning back the scrub. Along the muru were and in many cases still are today, water catchment areas and significant carving sites that many believe acted as directional signs.
In 1796 use of these paths was mentioned in the colony’s records. A group of fishermen was shipwrecked north of Broken Bay. The survivors received assistance from local Aboriginal people who welcomed, fed and guided the men as they walked back to the settlement in Sydney, using their network of pathways.
Many of the main roads in the Hornsby Shire are based on the traditional tracks and pathways created and used by Aboriginal people thousands of years ago. These include the Pacific Highway, Pennant Hills Road, Somerville Road, Beecroft Road, the Comenarra Parkway, Castle Hill Road, Old Northern Road, Beaumont Road, as well as parts of both Galston Road and Berowra Waters Road.