29/05/2026
29 May 1942: First flight of the CAC Boomerang aircraft
In 1936, the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation was formed with the goal of developing a self-sufficient Australian aircraft industry. The company pursued the development of the Wirraway, a two seat trainer based on the North American NA-16. However, the devastating Japanese offensives from December 1941 highlighted Australia’s desperate need for a modern fighter aircraft with the RAAF’s front line fighter force comprising just Wirraway trainers and inadequate Brewster Buffaloes.
Overseas, the NA-16 had already become the basis of the North American NA-50 fighter, also known as the P-64. Given CAC's licence to manufacture the Wirraway already contained a clause allowing the design to be modified, CAC, under the guidance of Lawrence Wackett, pursued the rapid development of an Australian fighter aircraft using the Wirraway airframe as an initial start. The wing, tail, undercarriage and mid fuselage of the Wirraway was used with a new forward fuselage and engine.
By mid February, the Australian Government directed the purchase of 105 new fighter aircraft using the CAC fighter design under development. In effect, the Government ordered the aircraft while it was still on the drawing board before any prototype was developed. Shortly after, the aircraft under development was given the name Boomerang.
Within only 12 weeks, the prototype aircraft was finished and on 29 May 1942, the first CAC Boomerang, designated A46-1, conducted its first flight at the CAC plant at Fisherman’s Bend, Melbourne flown by CAC test pilot Ken Frewin.
In total, 250 CAC Boomerangs were produced as four different variants. While the aircraft was manoeuvrable, it lacked speed and performance particularly at altitude and failed to be competitive compared with other modern fighters emerging at the time.
Notwithstanding, the Boomerang saw distinguished service on the home front and in close air support and army cooperation tasks in the Southwest Pacific. It flew operationally with No 4, 5, 83, 84 and 85 Squadrons in the Pacific theatre. The aircraft also flew with No 8 Communications Unit in air-sea rescue support and No 2 Operational Training Unit for training.
To this day, the CAC Boomerang remains the only fully Australian designed and built fighter aircraft to see production and operational service.
Text courtesy of Air Force Association (South Australia). Images courtesy of Australian War Memorial Digital Online Collection (Copyright expired, public domain) and Department of Defence