25/10/2024
What do you see in this photo?
There's a lot going on here. Coral reefs are full of life in every square inch.
Maybe you first saw the crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) in the left half of the frame. They are beautiful, but their spines are poisonous, causing a painful sting when touched. They are also voracious coral predators. In some areas they can have outbreaks where tons of them appear, seemingly out of nowhere. These large groups eat so much coral that it threatens reef health and they must be euthanized to control their effects.
This brings us to another part of the photo you may have noticed: the large greenish-white patch in the middle. This is dead coral, presumably eaten by this COTS. It's green because algae has started growing, making it difficult for the coral to grow back. You can see the live part of the coral that was spared, the brown patch in the middle-right part of the photo.
There's also sponges (the orange patches), encrusting algae (the purple patches), and more!
Did you learn something about coral reef ecology? Comment below!
Uva Reef, Pacific Panama. Photo by Viktor Brandtneris