The town and township lie tucked in the pleasant valley of the Whitewater River, and take their name from the Osage Indian term "many waters." L. Chandler, a returning '49er from the California gold fields who built his cabin in 1858. Towanda township was one of the first four in the make up of Butler County--the largest in Kansas.
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In 1870, Rev. Isaac Mooney, frontier preacher and community bui
lder, platted ten acres for a townsite. The village quickly became a trade center on the Emporia-Wichita wagon road and a division point for two stage lines. Towanda gained wide fame in 1919, when giant oil gushers were drilled on rockey Shumway land at the town's eastern doorstep by Gypsy Oil Company and the Trapshooters group.