06/15/2026
All questions with no definite answers belong to the realm of philosophy. The philosopher is one that finds leisure in understanding the questions more than having any concrete absolutist certainty.
What is philosophy? Russell's classic answer:
“Philosophy, as I shall understand the word, is something intermediate between theology and science. Like theology, it consists of speculations on matters as to which definite knowledge has, so far, been unascertainable; but like science, it appeals to human reason rather than to authority, whether that of tradition or that of revelation. All definite knowledge — so I should contend — belongs to science; all dogma as to what surpasses definite knowledge belongs to theology. But between theology and science there is a No Man's Land, exposed to attack from both sides; this No Man's Land is philosophy.”
— Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy (1945), Introductory, p. xili
Russell continues:
“Philosophy cannot itself determine the ends of life, but it can free us from the tyranny of prejudice and from distortions due to a narrow view. Love, beauty, knowledge, and joy of life: these things retain their lustre however wide our purview. And if philosophy can help us to feel the value of these things, it will have played its part in man’s collective work of bringing light into a world of darkness.“
— Bertrand Russell, An Outline of Philosophy (1927), Part IV. The Universe, Ch. 27: Man's Place in the Universe, p. 381
Image: Bertrand Russell, 1950 by Lotte Meitner-Graf. Graf was a prominent Austrian-born black-and-white portrait photographer known for her striking images of eminent 20th-century figures. She built a reputation for photographing scientists, writers, and artists. Forced to flee from the N***s in 1937, she settled in London. Her work is held in major collections, including the National Portrait Gallery in London.