05/06/2026
Sammy Davis Jr. raised one and a half million in 1965 dollars for the civil rights movement in one Broadway night. April 4, 1965, the Majestic Theater, exactly one month after Bloody Sunday.
Sixty-three performers played for free, the mayor of New York bought the first ticket, and the money went to SCLC, CORE, SNCC, and James Reeb's family. That is what answering Selma looked like with a stage and a microphone.
March 4, 1965. A dressing room on West 44th Street in Manhattan, in the back of the Majestic Theater.
Two men sat close, knees almost touching, and let the day go for a second.
One of them was Martin Luther King Jr. The Nobel Prize was four months old.
Selma was eight weeks of crisis behind him and three days of catastrophe in front of him, though he did not know that yet.
The other was Sammy Davis Jr. He was still in costume from the show that had just ended.
He had run on that stage minutes earlier in a boxing robe, doing eight songs and four solos and a choreographed fight finale, eight times a week for the last four months.
His voice was already wrecked. His marriage was already in trouble.
Behind the laugh in that photograph was a song. Just minutes before, Sammy had stood on the Majestic stage and torn into a gospel number called "No More."
"Well, you had your way. No more."
"Well, it ain't your day. No more."
"Well, I'm standin' up, I ain't on the floor." "I ain't bowin' down no more."
That was the number Martin Luther King had come for. He had been to "Golden Boy" before.
Of all the songs in the show, that one was the one he kept coming back to, the one his friends remembered him talking about, the one historians later recorded as his favorite.
It was the song of a Black man in Harlem who had finished asking nicely.
When the curtain came down, King and his small party were walked back through the corridor to Sammy's dressing room.
A dressing room is a strange kind of room. It is the one place in any theater that belongs to the performer and not the audience.
The mirror is rimmed with bulbs that make every flaw visible. The air smells like cold cream and sweat and the powder they pat onto Black skin to keep it from shining under stage lights.
It was inside that small private room, with the door closed and the show over, that an Associated Press photographer named Dave Pickoff lifted his camera.
Sammy's head was thrown back. King was leaning in.
Both of them were laughing at something we will never know.
The thing about that laugh is the weight it had to push against to exist.
Sammy was carrying a stage that wanted to kill him every night, a marriage to a white Swedish actress that had brought death threats to his door, and a Black America that often was not sure he belonged to them.
That last part was on him. The Rat Pack years and the long stretch he had spent passing through white rooms had left their fingerprints.
King was carrying a Nobel Prize that the FBI was using as a pretext to bug his hotel rooms, a movement that was about to lose more of its young people in Alabama, and a body that had not slept properly in months.
Yet here they were. Laughing.
Sammy himself once tried to explain what got him into rooms like this one. He wrote it down in his 1965 autobiography, "Yes I Can," which was being dictated at four in the morning during that very run of "Golden Boy."
"My talent was the weapon," he wrote. "The power."
"The way for me to fight. It was the one way I might hope to affect a man's thinking."
The dressing room photograph is what that sentence looks like in the flesh.
Three days after that photograph was taken, on March 7, 1965, Sunday morning in Selma, Alabama, six hundred people walked out of Brown Chapel and tried to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge.
State troopers and a county posse on horseback drove them back in clouds of tear gas.
Amelia Boynton was photographed unconscious on the pavement, and the image went around the world. John Lewis took an injury that day that he carried in his body for the rest of his life.
They called it Bloody Sunday.
When the news reached New York, Sammy did the thing that men with eight-show-a-week contracts almost never do.
He asked his producer Hilly Elkins to give him time off. Not a night off.
Time. He wanted to fly to Alabama and walk.
On the night of March 24, on a rain-soaked field at the City of St. Jude in Montgomery, the last campsite before the marchers reached the state capitol, Sammy stood on a flatbed trailer that had been turned into a stage.
Twenty-five thousand people were spread out in the mud. The bottoms of his trousers were soaked.
Harry Belafonte had chartered the plane that brought him and most of the others in. The bill for the evening, ten thousand dollars in 1965 money, Belafonte paid himself.
Sammy sang for marchers who had walked fifty-four miles in the cold. Tony Bennett sang.
Joan Baez sang. Nina Simone sang.
Mahalia Jackson, who had sung at the March on Washington, sang for them again.
They called it the Stars for Freedom Rally. They sang for the Black women in tennis shoes who had walked the highway, for the white seminary students who had come down on Greyhound buses, for the Unitarian minister James Reeb who had lost his life two weeks before in a Selma alley.
They sang for Jimmie Lee Jackson, the twenty-six-year-old church deacon whose death in Marion, Alabama, on February 26 was the reason any of them were marching in the first place.
The next morning, King delivered "How Long, Not Long" from the steps of the Alabama State Capitol.
Then Sammy flew back to New York. He had an idea.
Exactly one month after the laugh in the dressing room, on April 4, 1965, the Majestic Theater on West 44th Street turned itself into something else.
That night the building did not host "Golden Boy." The Shubert Organization, which owned the theater, had donated the use of the entire venue.
The marquee read "Broadway Answers Selma."
Sammy produced it with Hilly Elkins, and Sammy hosted it. The mayor of New York, Robert F. Wagner Jr., bought the very first ticket.
Ticket prices ran from five dollars at the back of the house to a thousand dollars in the orchestra. Carol Burnett came.
Barbra Streisand came. Eli Wallach.
A young actor named Martin Sheen, who would later play the federal judge in the movie "Selma," came too. Sixty-three performers in total, none of them paid a dollar.
Earlier that day, five thousand people had filled the streets of the Theater District for a rally before the show even began.
Sammy spoke at a breakfast at Temple Emanu-El that morning and compared the treatment of Black people in the Deep South to what had been done to the Jews in Germany.
The benefit raised one hundred and fifty thousand dollars in a single night.
Adjusted for inflation, that is roughly one and a half million dollars today, raised in one room, in one evening, in the same theater where Sammy had been laughing with King exactly thirty-one days before.
The money was split between the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the Congress of Racial Equality, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the family of James Reeb.
Then Sammy did something the Wikipedia entries tend to skip over.
Two months after the benefit, he walked into the Freedom National Bank in Harlem, the Black-owned bank that Jackie Robinson had helped found in 1964, and he deposited seventy-seven thousand dollars of the proceeds there.
Half the money he had raised, sitting in a Black bank in Harlem, doing the slow work of Black capital while the rest went south to the movement.
He did not have to do that. He chose to.
The deposit was the quietest decision he made in 1965, and it was the one that says the most about him.
That theater on West 44th Street is still standing. It is now the home of "The Phantom of the Opera," the longest-running Broadway show in history.
Most of the tourists walking past it have no idea that this is the building where a Nobel laureate and a Jewish Black entertainer with a glass eye sat in a dressing room and laughed, three days before Bloody Sunday.
Three years and one day later, on April 4, 1968, King would be killed on a balcony in Memphis.
The date was exactly three years from the night the Majestic Theater raised one and a half million dollars in his name.
Sammy was guest-hosting "The Tonight Show" that week. When the news came in, he did what King would have asked him to do.
"We can't answer King's assassination with violence," he said.
"That would be the worst tribute we could pay him."
Sammy died in 1990 of throat cancer, in his bed in Beverly Hills, owing the IRS millions.
The voice that had carried "No More" eight times a week through 1964 and 1965 was gone by the end.
But the photograph is still there.
A dressing room on West 44th Street. The mirror lights still on.
Sammy's head thrown back. King leaning in.
The door closed against the world for one minute that nobody in the room thought they would have to remember, until they did.