The History of the Street Medicine Institute
In 1992, Dr. Jim Withers dressed in tattered clothes and began making medical visits to people living on the streets in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania along with a formerly homeless person serving as a guide and liaison. He was motivated by the desire to reach out to those who seemed to be excluded from mainstream health care systems despite their high rates
of illness and premature death. By listening to their stories and bearing personal witness to their suffering, Dr. Withers was profoundly moved, and he chose to devote his career to changing the way we care for the unsheltered homeless and other marginalized populations. He became inspired by the idea that this work with the poorest of the urban poor could become a “classroom of the streets,” a unique service learning opportunity for students and other clinicians to help them better understand and practice a care philosophy he termed “reality-based medicine.”
Dr. Withers observed that because of a variety of internal and external barriers, many street homeless individuals he encountered were unable to access and navigate existing health care services. Since the mainstream health care system’s traditional care models were not particularly sensitive or adaptable to their unique realities of life, illness, and circumstance, the street homeless were being effectively excluded from the care they desperately needed. Instead, as Dr. Withers learned, they required a more patient-centered, relationship-focused, and culturally-sensitive care model that vows to meet and work with each patient in the context of his/her unique reality and on his/her own terms. This evolving care model emphasized compassion, creativity, and collaboration in the development of individualized engagement and treatment strategies. To help weave back together the frayed ends of his patients’ health care with these ideals in practice, Dr. Withers, with the support of The Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh, founded Operation Safety Net (OSN), a local organization that has garnered international acclaim as an exemplary Street Medicine program, and in whose image numerous other programs around the world have been created and improved. Dr. Withers quickly realized that there were others like him working to bring medical care directly to people living on the streets in the US and around the world. His first meeting in India with Dr. Jack Preger, a health care champion for “pavement dwellers” in Calcutta, convinced him that finding a way to bring together Street Medicine pioneers would be an incredibly powerful first step in sparking a global movement. As Dr. Withers traveled to communities throughout the US and overseas to visit similar programs, he was struck that many practitioners were working in isolation, essentially “homeless” themselves within the medical community. Not only were their street practices not recognized by their peers, but the values they held about the kind of care that street people deserved were also not embraced by mainstream health care systems. He sensed a burning desire among these practitioners to link together to share insights and receive encouragement from one another. To that end, the International Street Medicine Symposium (ISMS) was founded in Pittsburgh in 2005, followed by eight more successful annual Symposia in cities across the US with more than one thousand total participants from around the world sharing best practices, learning new skills and strategies, and validating the ideals of their common work on the streets. Through the efforts of Dr. Withers and a of a core group of Street Medicine leaders who had met through their participation in the annual Symposia, the Street Medicine Institute (SMI) was founded and incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in 2009. The founding of SMI was supported with grant monies from GlaxoSmithKline’s Community Partnership program awarded to Operation Safety Net for this specific purpose. The intent was to create a separate, unifying body that would further develop and sustain the emerging field of Street Medicine, while training and supporting new and existing programs throughout the world. With the help of this coordinated effort, a network of Street Medicine programs in 85 cities among 15 countries on 5 continents has developed and continues to grow. Street Medicine has now become a powerful global movement for health care equality and social change by helping to create more compassionate, complete communities where every person has the value and dignity he/she deserves. Responsibility for the annual International Street Medicine Symposia transferred from OSN to SMI and additional communities sought counsel from OSN / SMI staff regarding how to establish and grow their Street Medicine programs. Unfortunately, the initial grant monies expired prior to SMI successfully achieving full independence and establishment of a formal operating structure. Formal ties between OSN and SMI were severed in 2010, although Dr. Withers remains involved in both organizations. Since that date, SMI has operated through the efforts of its working board, with its primary emphasis on the annual symposium. At this time, SMI is seeking to formalize its operations through the establishment of an operating structure with a staff of two to four individuals.
