Iowa Mormon Trails Association

Iowa Mormon Trails Association Iowa Mormon Trails Assocation seeks to preserve the historic Iowa Mormon Trails

IMTA was formed as a nonprofit organization to help research, develop, preserve, and celebrate the historic Mormon Trails throughout Iowa.

10/17/2026

The frozen crust of the Mississippi River was groaning under the weight of thousands of desperate souls, and right in the thick of it stood Simon Drake and his brave wife, Sophronia.
It was the bitter winter of 1838, and Governor Boggs’ infamous "Extermination Order" had turned their promised refuge in Caldwell County, Missouri, into a smoking battlefield. Armed militias had besieged Far West, forcing the Drakes and their terrified little children out into the howling winds.

They weren’t running because they’d broken the law; they were running because they dared to follow a living, breathing prophet of God who claimed the heavens were open once again.

Having already sacrificed their comfortable life in Palermo, New York, to answer the prophetic call to gather to Zion, they now faced a brutal choice: turn their backs on God’s chosen leaders or face all the mob's worst. They chose the frozen river.

By the spring of 1842, Simon thought they’d finally cheated death. They cleared the malaria-ridden swamps of a bend in the river called Nauvoo. Simon was a man of action—he officially registered his Elders License, paid his $7.50 tithing straight into Joseph Smith’s personal ledger, and bought a plot of land on Block 35 in the heart of the city flats. They were building a dream out of the mud, entirely sustained by the voice of prophecy in their midst.

But death doesn’t check a city registry. Just four months later, on October 29, 1842, a silent killer known as the "black canker" ripped through Simon's throat. At just 41 years old, the pioneer was laid six feet under the dirt of the Old Nauvoo Burial Grounds, leaving Sophronia entirely alone in a city on the brink of mob warfare.

When the mobs attacked Nauvoo on in 1846, firing cannon balls through roofs, Sophronia didn't look back. But the road west was a test of absolute endurance. She retreated with the Saints across Iowa, spending nearly six brutal years in the Kanesville and Winter Quarters camps just to scrape together the livestock, wagons, and supplies an independent widow needed to survive the deep wilderness.

When her time finally came in the summer of 1852, she packed her family's life into a covered wagon and joined the Howell Company—a vast, organized train of dozens of wagons rolling across the plains.

On that grueling trail, she protected her little ones fiercely. Though a trail of graves marked the path of the pioneers, Sophronia defied the odds—bringing every single one of her traveling children alive across a thousand miles of untamed, treacherous prairie under the guidance of her wagon masters. Following the counsel of Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles, she conquered the wilderness, arriving safely in the valley that September and eventually settling her family in Centerville, Utah, where she lived to a ripe old age, leaving a legacy of thousands of living descendants.

Look around you. In an era where following the crowd is easy and the world's opinions shift with the wind, it begs a chilling question: What are you actually willing to sacrifice to stand by a living prophet?

Simon and Sophronia Drake watched their homes burn, crossed frozen rivers, and she and the children spent years enduring the mud of Kanesville—all because they believed God spoke to modern prophets and apostles. If you trace your roots back to New York, Kirtland, Missouri, or Nauvoo, you carry the DNA of survivors who chose prophetic guidance over safety and comfort.

Are we a dilution of the blood that crossed the plains, or do we still have the grit to listen to the whisperings of the Spirit and follow God's chosen leaders when the world sets itself against them?

Pictures: 1. Sophronia Cole Adams 2. Map of location of Cole home in Nauvoo 3. Winter Quarters Painting C.C.A Christensen 4. Grave of Sophronia Cole Adams

BIRTH of BLACK CHILD in         BRIGHAM YOUNG CAMP      NEAR PRESENT MACEDONIA                 By: Bill Hartley    This ...
10/12/2026

BIRTH of BLACK CHILD in
BRIGHAM YOUNG CAMP
NEAR PRESENT MACEDONIA
By: Bill Hartley
This time we are honoring Black History Month, which was in February, a few days late. On June 9, 1846, Brigham Young’s company traveled 13 miles and halted in a creek bottom (today’s Graybill Creek) while workmen finished a bridge. They then moved west 3 more miles, through where today’s Macedonia is, to the place where Bishop Miller’s advance company was blocked by yet another river. They camped there through June 10, while crews built a major bridge across the West Nishabotna. (Brigham Young Manuscript History; John D. Lee Journal)
On June 10, a historic birth took place in Young’s camp. Black Mormon Jane Manning James gave birth to a baby they named Silas F. James. (Lee Journal) “Put black Jane to bed with a son,” midwife Patty Sessions noted that day, “paid me 24 pounds of flour.” Silas James was perhaps the first black person born in southwestern Iowa. The parents, Issac and Jane James, were traveling, Mrs. Sessions said, with a Brother Dikes-probably George P. D***s (Patty Sessions Journal, June 10, 1846).
The mother, Jane Elizabeth Manning James, was born in the late 1810s or early 1820s and grew up in Connecticut. She was a free-born black. She earned her living as a domestic and servant in Wilton, Connecticut. She and other family members converted to Mormonism there.
Then, in 1843, nine of the Manning family and friends started for Nauvoo. At Buffalo, New York, the little company was refused passage on a boat, because they were blacks, so walked the rest of the way to Nauvoo-more than 800 miles! “We walked until our shoes were worn out, and our feet became sore and cracked open,” Jane later recalled.
In Nauvoo, Mormon prophet Joseph and Emma Smith welcomed them into their home. Jane Manning helped Emma with household work.
After Joseph Smith was killed, Jane lived with Brigham Young’s family. While in Nauvoo she met and married another free black, Issac James, a native of New Jersey who had converted to Mormonism in 1839. Late in 1846, while Brigham Young’s company was establishing Winter Quarters north of present Omaha, thousands of other Mormons established dozens of small settlements all across southwestern Iowa. One group formed a settlement they called Macedonia on the west bank of the Nishnobotna River-across the river from where Brigham Young’s camp had been. That site is 1 mile west of ’s Macedonia and on the west bank of the West Nishabotna River, where today’s Old Towne Park is. So, in terms of location Silas James was born somewhere just across the river from Old Towne Park. The next spring, Jane, Issac, Silas, and the rest of the family headed west and entered Great Salt Lake Valley in September 1847. They became Utah pioneers. Baby Silas grew up, but he died at age 25 of consumption (probably tuberculosis). Father Issac, who separated from the family for many years and then returned, died in Salt Lake City in 1891. Mother Jane died there in 1908.
Sources; Linda K. Newel and Vallen T. Avery, “Jane Manning James: Black Saint, 1847 Pioneer,” ENSIGN (Aug. 1979), 26-29; Henry J. Wolfinger, “Jane Manning James: A Test of Faith,” in Worth Their Salt, ed. by Colleen Whitley Logan UT: Utah State University Press,1997, 13-30. A wonderful, historically accurate novel about Jane’s Manning James and other black converts to Mormonism before the trek west is fresh off the press: Margaret Blair Young and Darius Aldan Gray, Standing on the Promises:Book 1 (Salt Lake City, UT: Bookcraft, 2000)

This article was taken from the archives of the Quarterly Iowa Mormon Trails Newsletter “Wheel Writes” Volume 8 Issue 3 Spring 2001

THE EXPERIENCE OF THE HANDCART COMPANIES IN IOWABy: Loren Horton   In 1856 and 1857 a total of seven Mormon handcart com...
10/04/2026

THE EXPERIENCE OF THE
HANDCART COMPANIES IN IOWA
By: Loren Horton

In 1856 and 1857 a total of seven Mormon handcart companies made the journey from Iowa City, across the Great Plains to Utah. A total of 2,340 persons, with 529 handcarts and 31 wagons were involved in the movement. During the trips, more than 250 persons died, though most of those deaths occurred in Companies 4 and 5, who got late starts and were caught in the high plains in winter. Most of these members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints arrived in the United States aboard eight ships, landing either in New York or Boston, and almost half of them had their passage paid by the Perpetual Emigration Fund. More than half of the members of the handcart companies came from England, with significant numbers also coming from Wales, Denmark, and Scotland.
When these immigrants arrived at the ports on the east coast, they travelled by train as far as the railroad was built at that time, Iowa City, Iowa. They then went into camp west of town, on the banks of Clear Creek, south of Coralville. While in camp they were divided into companies, the handcarts were built, supplies accumulated, and preparations were made for the arduous task of pulling the handcarts on to the valley of the Great Salt Lake. Many of the handcarts were made in haste, not always by skilled workman, and the amount of baggage per person strictly limited. Most carts were of green lumber, made without iron, other than thin tires, and even the wheels were sometimes wrapped in rawhide. About 400 pounds of food, clothing, cooking utensils, and tents were loaded on. With these insubstantial vehicles, five companies departed in 1856 and two more in 1857.
Several diaries survive from persons who made the trip, and from those first hand accounts we can learn of the deaths and burials in camp and on the trail. Archer Walters was a carpenter, and was often called upon to make coffins, as well as carts. His diary entries are testimony to the times.
4 June 1856; Made a coffin for a
child dead in camp.
6 June 1856; Made another
child’s coffin.
15 June; coffin for William Lee,
aged 12, and another for Sister
Prator’s child.
17 June 1856; coffin for Job
Welling’s son.
21 June 1856; coffin for Brother
Bowers.
26 June; coffin for Emma Sheets
aged two and a half.
26 June 1856; coffin for Brother
Card’s daughter.
26 June 1856; Brother Henry
Walter struck by lightning in the
very middle of the train. Buried
without a coffin because no
boards available.
The diary of John D.T. McAllister is equally poignant.
16 May 1856; 4 o’clock Sister
Catherine…was delivered of a
daughter dead….During the
morning an adopted daughter
of John Taylor died of croup-
aged 5 months. The two were
buried in the camp graveyard
about a quarter mile from camp
19 May 1856; 10 o’clock Sister
Maria wife of James Shinn died
of consumption aged 60 years.
20 May 1856; Sister Shinn was
buried at 7 o’clock.
The diary of Daniel D. Cather contains similar entries.
7 June 1856; At 8 o’clock this
morning Jane, daughter of
Ralph and Elisabeth Ramsey,
departed this life at the
encampment, Iowa City, Iowa
age 7 days, buried in the
evening at the same place,

From these few examples , we can understand the experiences of the Saints as they left their homes in Europe, traveled to the United States on sailing vessels, and then walked from Iowa City to Utah. This short paper illustrates the difficulties encountered, resulting in deaths and burials . Even for the survivors ,undoubtedly it was an experience that they could never forget, and was a shaping force on their characters for the rest of their lives.

“Handcart Expeditions are a phase of the Mormon Trails even if not the 1846 route “, Loren Horton.

This article was taken from the Iowa Mormon Trails Association Quarterly Newsletter Wheel Writes
Volume 7 Issue 3 Spring 2000

Map created by Jane Briley. Founding Member of the Iowa Mormon Trails Association.

THE RUTS AT MURRAY   After hosting the wagon train at Garden Grove, our family went to Murray to share in their activiti...
09/26/2026

THE RUTS AT MURRAY

After hosting the wagon train at Garden Grove, our family went to Murray to share in their activities. We had heard about the ruts west of the town of Murray. There had been “Mormon Trail Days” at Murray where tours to the ruts had been given. We had intended to go, but hadn’t made it yet.
At Murray on July 5th, we went to the log cabin in the heart of town. It was cozy, clean and creatively filled with items for sale. We boarded the school bus from there to see the ruts. When we arrived, there were the covered wagons, some lined up actually in the ruts, some along the shaded part of the pasture. The field had been mowed and in general prepared for the event.
The ruts in question were in the up hill side of Seven Mile Creek, but from our vantage point, you could see across the creek valley to the down hill side as well. Someone had taken the time to mow the trail not only on our side, but also on the other side. What a view! It was impossible to stand there and not hear the creaking of the wagons of long ago as they braced their way down the far slope and pulled up the near slope.
We walked in the ruts where some of the modern day pioneers had camped for the night. The land was six to nine inches deeper there than on either side of the seven foot depressed area.
Some of the younger of our group walked down the slope and found the spring near the creek. It had been marked well. I wondered how many teams of animals it had taken to pull each wagon up the hill. I wondered how many snakes they had encountered. I wondered how the night and day had gone for them in 1846.
Back at Murray, we enjoyed the music and the square dancing until the darkness came and the night settled upon us. We were going back our beds for the night.

This article was taken from the Iowa Mormon Trails Association Quarterly Newsletter The Wheel Writes. Volume 4, Issue 1 Fall 1996 Edition

The photo included with this article was taken at the rut site on the Mike Jackson farm near Murray in August of 2026. Pictured is long time IMTA treasurer Brenda DeVore standing in the middle of one of the wagon ruts.

09/23/2026

The Salem Vanguard: The Ashby Family Odyssey

When Erastus Snow looked out over the flatbed wagons in the freezing winter of 1846, he wasn't just checking his own team. He was looking out for the Ashby family—the civilian contingent that occupied the eastern half of his brick duplex back on Parley Street. The Ashbys were New England royalty. Nathaniel Ashby Sr. was a hard-headed, highly successful Salem, Massachusetts shoemaker and property owner, and a direct descendant of the Mayflower's Governor William Bradford. When the Mormon message arrived in Salem, it crashed into the Ashby home like a thunderbolt. Nathaniel didn't just accept the doctrine; he fully leveraged his financial logistics. He threw open his doors, housed Erastus Snow's family rent-free for two years, and handed over $500 in gold to construct a fortified, two-family stronghold in Nauvoo. By 1843, the Ashbys had burned their bridges. They sold the Salem business, packed up their twelve children, and occupied their half of the duplex. But their frontline deployment lasted a mere three years. When the order came to evacuate Nauvoo in early 1846, the Ashbys moved out into the bitter Iowa mud.

The Casualties of the Wilderness: 1846–1847

The Western Trail was a meat grinder. For the affluent Ashbys, the transition from urban Massachusetts to the raw elements of the Iowa prairie was catastrophic. Just six miles west of Bonaparte, Iowa, the physical stress broke Nathaniel Ashby’s constitution. He collapsed with a raging fever and died on the trail, leaving his widow, Susan Hammond Ashby, alone in command of a massive, grieving household. The journals of the Ashby children provide a raw, close-up look at the sheer grit required to survive the subsequent 1,000-mile march to the Rockies. The children recorded the daily tactical realities of the trail:

The Slog Through the Mire: The wagons routinely sank to their axletrees in the black Iowa mud. The children, some barefoot, walked alongside the teams, tracking their progress not in miles, but in agonizing yards.

The Searing Heat and Dust:

As the seasons shifted from the freezing rains of winter to the blinding summer heat of the Great Plains, the children's diaries note the suffocating dust kicked up by the oxen—dust so thick it choked the throat and blinded the eyes of the young drovers.

The Guarding of the Cattle:

Susan, operating without a husband, relied heavily on her children to handle the heavy draft animals. The young Ashby boys and girls stood guard during freezing night watches, keeping a vigilant lookout for stampeding buffalo herds and marauding raiders.

The Squeeze of Survival: 1848

Against all operational odds, Susan Ashby held her column together. In 1848, she ordered her children into the wagon beds, gripped the reins herself, and drove her family across the final mountain passes into the Salt Lake Valley. They arrived battered, destitute, but intact. The battlefield bond forged between the Snow and Ashby families in that Nauvoo duplex was cemented for eternity on the frontier. Years later, one of those very diary-keeping children who had survived the dust and death of the plains—Elizabeth Rebecca Ashby—married Erastus Snow, uniting the two pioneer families who had shared a roof on the banks of the Mississippi and a destiny on the American trail.

THE KNIGHTS IN THE SPRING EXODUS FROM NAUVOOPart 3-Newel Knight’s Suprise Call to the Rockies         By William Hartley...
09/20/2026

THE KNIGHTS IN THE SPRING EXODUS FROM NAUVOO

Part 3-Newel Knight’s Suprise Call to the Rockies

By William Hartley

Here we resume an account of the Newel Knight family crossing Iowa during Latter-Day Saints massive spring exodus from Nauvoo in 1846, based on Newel’s informative diary. On May 25 the Knights and relatives named DeMille had caught up with Brigham Young’s group, who had been at Mt. Pisgah since May 18.
Newel’s first thoughts were to stop, build a cabin, plant crops, leave his family there, and go back to Nauvoo to bring his aged father and other relatives to Mt. Pisgah. However, when Newel looked up Brigham Young, the leader greeted him with a question: “How do you do brother Knight? Have you brought your mill with you?” “No sir,” Newel answered, l lacked team so left the mill.” “Are you going over the mountains with us to build another?” “If you say so, I will,” Newel said. “I say so,” President Young instructed. Newel agreed to go with a 100 wagon company that would head for the Rocky Mountains once the Saints crossed the Missouri River.
For such a long trip, Newel needed a better team. He tried to borrow a yolk from the DeMilles. Newel promised that when his company reached its destination, he would prepare a place for the DeMilles to come to, and then help them get there. Freeborn DeMille said no. Newel, who had “put himself to a great many inconveniences” for the DeMilles, made a reasonable offer. Freeborn could “take my horse and harness, a stove, some chairs, and a few other articles “ to trade for another team during fall and winter, “and let me have in return one yolk of oxen.” Freeborn wasn’t interested, and even “censured “ Newel for leaving him behind. “I could get no assistance from him at all,” Newel said. The DeMilles stayed at Mt. Pisgah for the next three years. Among those at Mt. Pisgah was Newel’s half-sister Sarah Jane Peck and her husband Charles C. Rich. President Young installed Rich as president of the Mt. Pisgah settlement. During the next weeks several Knight relatives also arrived at Mt. Pisgah, including Newel’s father, Joseph Knight Sr., who died there that winter.
On June 2 most of Brigham Young’s company resumed its westward trek, and a week later, the Knights left Mt. Pisgah to try to catch up. They passed the Orson Pratt and John Smith companies. When the Knights reached the Pottawattamie Indian village by the East Nishabotna River (near present Lewis, Iowa), Indians “came out in great numbers to see us pass, and expressed every mark of friendship.” Seeing “these red men of the West” caused Newel to wax reflective once more. In his diary he pondered prophecies in his church’s Book of Mormon about the Indians becoming righteous and a great people. “Great blessings are in store for them,” he wrote.
Moving on, the Knights passed John Taylor and William Clayton companies, and reached the Missouri on June 16. By then the Knights’ provisions were running out, so Newel and a friend headed for Missouri settlements forty miles to the south and beyond. They traded personal belongings for cows and grain, and they shelled corn and packed up grain, and then returned to the Mormon camps on June 21.
Homeless and hard-pressed, Newel felt resentment that his family had been forced to leave Nauvoo and civilization: “We are true born Americans, our fathers have fought and bled for liberty, and their children are rightful heirs to the freedom and liberty they so nobly won.” On July 8, Newel ferried his wagons across the river and on July 23 became captain of 1 of 3 wagon companies ordered to push for the Rockies. However, near Grand Island, they received orders from President Young to stop and camp. But, being in an Indian war zone, they accepted an invitation from friendly Ponca Indian chiefs go due north and winter among the Ponca (near present-day Niobrara, Nebraska).
No Mormons reached the Rockies that exodus year. All had to find place to ride out the winter. Of some 14,000 to 15,000 Latter-day Saints going west, 500 were at Ponca Camp, including the Knights, some 5,000 encamped with Brigham Young at Winter Quarters, 500 were at Mt. Pisgah, 500 at Garden Grove, 5,000 to 6,000 camped in western Iowa up and down the Missouri River, and another 1,500 ended up in St. Louis.
At Camp Ponca, Newel Knight died (probably pneumonia) that January, never to see the Rocky Mountains. In 1850 widow Lydia Knight took their 7 children west to Utah. There son Jessie Knight became a millionaire industrialist, and in 1908 he erected a 16-foot high marble monument near the Ponca site, honoring his father and other Saints who died that winter.

This final installment of this story came from the quarterly Iowa Mormon Trails Association newsletter Wheel Writes Volume10 Issue 1 Winter 2003

THE KNIGHTS IN THE SPRING EXODUS FROM NAUVOO   Part 2: Alternate Route to Mt.Pisgah                    Continued,       ...
09/13/2026

THE KNIGHTS IN THE SPRING EXODUS FROM NAUVOO

Part 2: Alternate Route to Mt.Pisgah
Continued,

William G. Hartley

An Alternate Mormon Trail

Just beyond Bloomfield, the little company left Brigham Young’s south-turning route and took an alternate course heading more directly west. Probably the two riders recommended this shortcut. (Regarding the alternate routes to Mt. Pisgah, see Stan Kimball, Historic Sites and Markers along the Mormon and Other Great Western Trails, 35-39.) The new route, not well marked, followed high ground east of the Chariton River, crossed the river near today’s town of Chariton, crossed White Breast Creek, and intersected the Camp of Israel’s route again south of today’s Osceola. This route bypassed the just being formed LDS community of Garden Grove.
“The traveling was so bad and my loads so heavy we traveled but little” Newel wrote. Rains made their loads damp, so on the 9th “we dried them and fitted them up again.” On May 10 they crossed Soap Creek in Appanoose County. Near it they passed a Sister Allen , who was lying in a tent very ill, supposedly dying. The next day they rolled up onto a broad and extensive prairie, where an amazing panorama suddenly burst into view: “Here we could look forward for miles,” Newel said, “and behold the prairie spotted with wagons, cattle, horses, and sheep, women and children who all seemed to be in good spirits as if nerved for the journey by His omnipotent arm.” Newel rejoiced that so many Saints were out of Nauvoo and safely away from “their oppressors.” He felt buoyed up:

“The rich and variegated prairie looks as if nature had done her best to cheer the weary and attract the admiration of the traveler while our children amuse themselves with the sweet and beautiful flowers which grow spontaneous. It gives a refreshing fragrance to all and serves to cheer us on our way.”
On May 12 the Knights and DeMills traveled some , then stopped to bake and do laundry. The next day they passed “the last house where white man lives,” then camped for two days , stopped by rains. On May 15 they restarted. The next day they became confused by a fork in the road. Deciding against trace, or light trail, they chose instead a larger road, where they saw other wagons going. A day later, Newel realized they were off course, too far north, so they worked their ways back towards the trace. They traveled a full day on the 18th and only a few miles on the 18th, then stopped, still lost. “Took my horse and went to find the road that led to the camp,” Newel said, meaning Mt. Pisgah; found it and returned to my wagons and family a little before night.” Rains kept them encamped for the next day-and-a-half. On May 21 they moved a little, then got in two good travel days.

Warm Welcome at Mt. Pisgah

Finally, on May 24, a Sunday, they almost reached Mt. Pisgah. Within two miles from it, Newel was delighted to see two of his friends, Apostles George A. Smith and Amasa Lyman, ride up to greet them. Newel declined their offer to es**rt his three wagons to camp: “I thanked them but told them as the day [had] been some rainy we had not washed and changed our clothes and I thought we had better stop, stay overnight and make ourselves clean, and prepare to go in to the great Camp of Israel on the following morning.” The next morning, “we arose and after a very heavy shower milked our cows, eat our breakfast, and started in good spirits for the camp, Newel recorded.
The Camp of Israel had been at the Mt. Pisgah site only a week, and Newel was amazed by what he saw. Brigham Young’s company was creating a settlement there, like the one they had just built in Garden Grove, “for the benefit of the poor, and such as were unable, for the want of teams, to proceed further.” Newel noted the “the busy hum of the plowman, the sound of the axe, the industry of the brethren all seemed to say the wilderness will soon blossom like the rose 🌹 and become a fruitful field.” He “saw the smiling countenance of many a friend and heard their kind salutations that truly made the wilderness seem like the garden of Eden.” Newel’s group “drove on a short distance and pitched our tents and considered ourselves at home.” Newel expected to stop at Mt. Pisgah, build a cabin, plow and plant for his family, and then head back to Nauvoo to bring his elderly father west. But, he soon learned Brigham Young had other plans for him and his family, in the opposite direction.

Next issue Part 3 (Newel’s Surprise to the Rockies).
This story was taken from the IMTA newsletter the Wheel Writes Volume 9 Issue 4 Autumn 2002

THE KNIGHTS IN THE SPRING EXODUS FROM NAUVOO  Part 2: Alternate Route to Mt. Pisgah               By William G. Hartley ...
09/08/2026

THE KNIGHTS IN THE SPRING EXODUS FROM NAUVOO

Part 2: Alternate Route to Mt. Pisgah

By William G. Hartley
In Part 1 of our story, published in the last Wheel Writes, the Newel and Lydia Knight family, after a complicated process of closing down their home and businesses in Nauvoo, finally crossed the Mississippi and camped near Montrose. Six days later, on April 24, 1846, they started across Iowa’s width. It would take them four weeks to catch up with the Brigham Young company, at Mt. Pisgah.

Three Wagon Company

Lydia said her and Newel’s vehicles were “two wretched wagons,” and that one carried “a few necessary utensils and the provisions for three months” and the other carried passengers. Lydia’s smallest children were too little to be able walk and keep up with the wagon, so they rode. Joseph was 5, Newel 3, little Lydia almost 2, and Jesse only 7 months. The other two children could walk: Sally was 9 and James 7. Father Newel was then 45 and Lydia 34. Using wagon three, the DeMilles, who traveled with the Knights, included Freeborn, age 52, Anna (Newel Knight’s sister) 46, Lora Ann 17, Oliver 16, Adelia 13, Elias 8, and Lovina Esther, almost 3.

Newel’s Pensive Benediction

On their first travel day, the Knight-DeMille party ascended small bluffs some two miles from the river. From there , they took a thoughtful farewell look back at Nauvoo. Dominating the view, Newel said, was “the magnificent temple, rearing its lofty tower towards the heavens.” The scene triggered strong emotions. Newel devoted pages of his diary to expressing his feelings from Nauvoo, the murders of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, and being forced from their homes. He praised God and besought Him to bless the exiled Mormon to be able, like the ancient Children of Israel, to find a Promised Land in the west. “Let thine angels guard us on our journey, and thy presence go before us,” he prayed. The Knights and DeMilles fell asleep that night where, when, or how the Saints would build their next city and temple.

Early Spring Travelers

Newel’s diary is one of the best penned by anyone participating in the Spring Exodus (10,000to 12,000 people). “We resumed our journey until nearly night,” Newel wrote on April 24, “when we stopped and camped by the wayside.” For a while they were following the Camp of Israel’s basic route through southeastern Iowa Territory. The next day they “arose in good spirits and after breakfast was over our cattle well fed and all things in readiness, we started on traveled about 5 miles from [before] Farmington and camped for night.” On the 26th they plodded through tiny Farmington. “Considerable of a town” Newel said. “The roads are extremely bad,” he complained; “I broke one of my wagon wheels fixed in some false spikes and about 2 miles west of this place, and drove on to a convenient place for camping.” On April 27 they drove into Bonaparte, “a little town” Newel called it, where Brigham Young’s company had forded the Des Moines River in early March. Newel said he “pitched my tent in the bank of the Des Moines and stayed overnight.” He repaired a wagon. During the night “rain poured down like torrents.” The next day it “rained all day,” halting travel. Four days of rain raised the river “so high we could not cross.” Finally, on Sunday, May 3, they crossed and drove 12 miles. Apparently they followed the Camp of Israel’s route from Bonaparte around Richardson’s Point and along the Fox River. Rainy weather continued. “We traveled a few miles over the worst road I ever saw,” Newel wrote on May 4th. During the next two travel days they met two Mormons riding horse back to Nauvoo. “It truly rejoiced my heart,” Newel said to “hear good news from the Camp of Israel.” Newel’s May 5th notation says that “the road is almost impassable on account of frequent rains.” The next day they camped close to Pearson’s Western Hotel, apparently in Bloomfield, the last town they would see in Iowa Territory. “In the morning my wife sold some crockery towels etc. to recruit ours and Brother DeMille’s provisions,” Newel noted.

Due to space restrictions in “Wheel Writes part two of this interesting three part article will be continued in the next issue.

This article was taken from the IMTA archived Wheel Write Quarterly Newsletter Volume 9 Issue 3 Summer 2002

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