26/07/2025
•• Signs and Symptoms of Prostate Cancer ••
In its early stages, prostate cancer often causes no noticeable symptoms. As it progresses, signs may include:
• Urinary Symptoms (most common):
~Difficulty starting urination (hesitancy)
~Weak or interrupted urine flow
~Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia)
~Urgency to urinate
~Pain or burning during urination
~Inability to empty the bladder completely
• Sexual Dysfunction:
~Erectile dysfunction (difficulty achieving or maintaining an er****on)
~Painful ej*******on
~Blood in semen
• Advanced Stage Symptoms:
~Blood in urine (hematuria)
~Pain in the back, hips, or pelvis (from cancer spreading to bones)
~Unexplained weight loss
~Fatigue
~Swelling in legs or pelvic area (from lymph node involvement)
•• Causes and Risk Factors of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is caused by genetic mutations in prostate cells, but the exact reason why these mutations occur is often unclear. Several risk factors increase the likelihood:
1. Age:
Risk increases significantly after age 50. Most cases are diagnosed in men over 65.
2. Family History:
Having a father, brother, or son with prostate cancer increases your risk.
Inherited mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 may play a role.
3. Race/Ethnicity:
African-American men have a higher risk and are more likely to develop aggressive forms.
Lower incidence in Asian and Hispanic men.
4. Diet and Lifestyle:
High-fat diet, especially from red meat and dairy, may increase risk.
Obesity is linked with more aggressive prostate cancer.
Low intake of fruits and vegetables may contribute.
5. Hormonal Factors:
Higher levels of testosterone and other androgens may fuel prostate cancer growth.
6. Environmental Exposures:
Exposure to certain chemicals (e.g., in farming or industrial work) might raise risk.
7. Smoking:
Increases the risk of more aggressive prostate cancer and worsens.