01/11/2024
JIMCO-1-NOFEEMBER-2024
Xaalufinta Dhirta (Deforestation).
Jaarista dhirta (deforestation) waa baab’inta dhul ballaaran oo keymo ah, taasoo keenta hoos u dhac ku yimaada noocyada noolaha, nidaamyada deegaanka, iyo caafimaadka guud ee meeraha. Waa dhibaato weyn oo halis ku ah xasilloonida cimilada, kala duwanaanta nooleedka, iyo nolosha aadanaha.
1. Waa Maxay xaalufinta dhirta (Deforestation)?
Deforestation-ka waxaa loola jeedaa baa’binta dhirta ama ka saarista dhulka kaymaha ah si loogu beddelo dhul beereedyo, fidinta magaalooyinka, soo saarista macdanta, iyo isticmaalka dhulka ee kaymaha ah. kaymaha waxay markii h**e daboolayeen qiyaastii 31% ee dhulka, balse si xawli ah ayay u dabar-go’ayaan sababo la xiriira faragalinta aadanaha.
2. Sababaha xaalufinta dhirta ( Causes of Deforestation).
Sababaha ugu waaweyn ee xaalufinta dhirta waxaa ka mid ah:
B) Beeraha ( Agriculture): Beeraha waaweyn, gaar ahaan dalagga soybeans-ka, saliidda saafi ah laga dhaliyo (palm oil), iyo lo’da, ayaa keena qiyaastii 80% deforestation-ka dunida. Tusaale ahaan, kaynta Amazon, xoolo-dhaqashada ayaa qiyaastii 70% gaartay.
T) Jaarista Dhirta (Logging): Warshadaha soo saara qoryaha ayaa si weyn uga qayb qaata, iyadoo loo adeegsanayo dhirta dhismayaasha, warqadaha, iyo shidaalka. Jaarista sharci-darrada ah, gaar ahaan kaymaha kuleylaha, waa dhibaato sii kordheysa.
J) Ballaadhinta Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ( Infrastructure Expansion): Waddooyinka, jidadka iyo horumarinta magaalooyinka ayaa sidoo kale keenaya xaalufinta dhirta .
X) Macdanta ( Mining): Qodista khayraadka sida dahabka, dheemanka, iyo shidaalka ayaa sidoo kale qayb ka qaadata baa'bi inta kaymaha, iyadoo waxyeello u geysanaysa deegaanka.
3. Saamaynta Xaalufinta dhirta ( Effects of Deforestation).
Saamaynta xaalufinta dhirta waa mid ballaaran oo la taaban karo, iyadoo saameyn ku leh deegaanka iyo bulshada:
B) Isbeddelka Cimilada ( Climate Change): Kaymahu waa meelaha lagu keydiyo gaaska kaarboonka, waxayna nuugaan CO₂ hawada ka jira. Marka la gooyo ama la gubo dhirta, waxay sii daayaan kaarboonka la keydiyay, taasoo kordhisa heerka kuleylka caalamka. Deforestation-ku wuxuu leeyahay 10% qiiqa kaarboonka dunida.
T) Kala Duwanaanta Noolaha (Biodiversity): Kaymahu waa hoyga in ka badan 80% nooleha dhulka. Deforestation-ku wuxuu baabi'iyaa deegaanno badan oo keena in kumanaan noole halis u galaan dabar-go’.
Ururka caalamiga ah ee ilaalinta noolaha (IUCN) waxay sheegtay in in ka badan 85% nooleyaasha u baahanyihiin daryeel degdeg ah ayna halis ugu jiraan dabargo’ sababtuna tahay ka saarista deegannadooda dabiiciga ah.
J) carqaladaynta wareegga biyaha ( Water cycle Disruption): Dhirta ayaa door muhiim ah ku leh wareegga biyaha iyadoo soo nuugta siina deysa biyaha. Deforestation-ku wuxuu carqaladaynayaa habkan, taasoo yaraysa roobka, sababi karta nabaad-guurka, iyo isbeddel ku yimaada socodka webiyada oo saamayn ku leh beeraha iyo biyaha la cabo.
X) Nabaad-guurka Dhulka (Soil Erosion): Dhirta ayaa dhulka ku xajisa xididdada. Markay kaymahu baaba'aan, dhulku wuxuu noqdaa mid u nugul nabaad-guurka, taasoo keeni karta daadad iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaada tayada carrada.
KH) Saamaynta Bulshooyinka Degaanka ( Impact on Local Communities): Dadka asaliga ah ee deggan kaymaha waxay ku tiirsan yihiin dhirta si ay u helaan hoy, cunto Deforestation-ku wuxuu barakiciyaa bulshadaas wuxuuna halis ku yahay hab-nololeedkooda.
4. Xaqiiqooyinka Dhabta Ah ee Hada Taagan ( Current Facts).
B) Khasaaraha Kaymaha ( Forest Loss) : Sida laga soo xigtay Machadka Khayraadka Adduunka (WRI), dunidu waxay lumisay ku dhowaad 4.1 milyan oo hektar oo ah kaymaha aasaasiga ah ee keymaha kuleylaha sannadka 2022. Wadamada ugu sarreeya waxaa ka mid ah Brazil, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo, iyo Indonesia.
T) Kaymaha Amazon ( Amazon Rainforest): Keymaha Amazon ayaa si xawli ah u sii baaba’aya sabab la xiriirta jaarista dhirta. Intii u dhaxaysay Ogoosto 2020 iyo Luulyo 2021, in ka badan 13,000 kiilomitir oo laba jibbaaran oo keymaha Amazon ah ayaa la baabi’iyay, taasoo le’eg laba jibbaar cabbirka gobolka Delaware.
J) Qiiqa Kaarboonka ( Carbon Emissions): Deforestation-ku wuxuu keenaa ku dhowaad 3 bilyan oo tan oo CO₂ ah sannad kasta, taasoo ka badan qiiqa sannadlaha ah ee sii daayaan Midowga Yurub oo dhan.
X) Luminta kala duwananta Noolaha (Biodiversity Loss): Ururka caalamiga ah ee ilaalinta noolaha (IUCN) waxay ku warantay in qiyaastii 13,000 noole ay wajahayaan dabar-go’ sababo la xiriira dhibaatooyin ka jiro deegaanka ay ku nool yihiin.
KH) Saamaynta Dhaqaalaha ( Economic Loss): Qiimaha dhaqaalaha ee khasaaraha deegaanka ayaa lagu qiyaasay $4.5 tirilyan sanadkii. Tan waxaa ka mid ah luminta adeegyada deegaanka sida sifaynta biyaha, bacriminta carrada, iyo shinnida oo ah fure wax soo saarka.
5. Xalka xaalufinta dhirta ( Solutions to Deforestation ).
B) Dib-u-beeridda (Reforestation) iyo dhireynta (Afforestation): Beerista geedo cusub iyo kaymo cusub waxay ka caawiyaan soo celinta deegaanka iyo kaydinta kaarboonka.
T) Beeraha Iyo Dhirta (Agroforestry): Isku-darka dhirta iyo beeraha waxay gacan ka geysataa soo celinta kala duwanaanta noolaha, wanaajinta tayada carrada, iyo kordhinta adkaysiga dalagga, taasoo yareysa baahida dhul cusub loo qabo.
J) Beerashada Waarta ( Sustainable Farming): U guuritaanka beerashada organic iyo dhimista cunista hilibka waxay caawin kartaa baahida dhul loo xaalufin lahaa .
X) Xeerarka iyo Maamulka ( Regulation and Governance): Dowladaha iyo ururrada caalamiga ah waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin ka hortagga jaarista sharci-darrada ah, ilaalinta kaymaha, iyo horumarinta adeeggyada dhulka oo waara.
KH) Wacyigelinta dad weynaha ( Public Awareness): Baridda dadka inay doortaan waxyaabaha waara, sida alaabaha qoryaha ee shahaadaysan ama doorashada alaab aan gacan ka geysan jaarista dhirta, waxay yeelan kartaa saameyn weyn.
6. Doorka Heshiisyada iyo Hindisayaasha Caalamiga Ah ( Role of International Agreements).
Heshiisyada caalami ah ayaa ujeedkoodu yahay yareynta jaarista iyo ilaalinta kaymaha:
B) Heshiiska Paris ( Paris Agreement): Waxay ku baaqaysaa in la yareeyo qiiqa gaaska, waxaana muhiimad gaar ah la siinayaa ilaalinta kaymaha iyadoo ay tahay ballanqaadka dalal badan ee ku aaddan cimilada.
T) Bayaanka Caalami ah oo ku Saabsan Kaymaha ( New York Declaration on Forests): waxaa la bilaabay 2014, wuxuu ujeedadiisu ahayd in la yareeyo khasaaraha kaymaha kala bar sanadka 2020, lana joojiyo sanadka 2030.
J) REDD+ (Yaraynta Qiiqa ka dhasha xaalufinta dhirta iyo burburka keymaha): Waa hindise ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay oo lacag siinaya dalalka si ay uga hortagaan jaarista dhirta.
7. Baaq Caalami ah oo ku Aaddan wax ka qabashada xaalufinta dhirta ( Call to Action).
Saamaynta xaalufinta dhirta waxay gaadhaysaa dhammaan dunida, laga bilaabo isbeddelka cimilada ilaa halis galinta noolaha iyo beddelidda nidaamka roobka. Joojinta ama yaraynta jaarista dhirta waxay u baahan tahay iskaashi caalami ah, iyo tallaabooyin gudaha ah iyo qof walba oo qeeb ka noqdo. Ilaalinta kaymaha, soo celinta, iyo horumarinta waarta ayaa muhiim u ah haddii aan dooneyno inaan uga tagno meero caafimaad qaba jiilalka soo socda.
Environmental Safety Organization E S O