09/12/2025
Our panel’s theme was “From Global to Regional: Asia at the Heart of Energy Transition.” My challenge was to anchor this broad, continent-wide discussion in the specific realities of northern Pakistan—particularly the Madyan Hydropower Project. It was not easy. This was an international conference where the conversation revolved around energy policy, the transition from fossil fuels to solar and hydropower, and the geopolitics of Asia’s energy future. In one of the morning sessions, the Federal Minister Ahsan Iqbal described hydropower as green and clean energy, although he stopped short of calling it renewable. Still, “green and clean” implies energy systems with relatively lower climate impacts.
My two co-panelists were specialists approaching the subject from economic and geopolitical perspectives. Meanwhile, the conference organizers were anxious that the conversation should not devolve into a debate solely about hydropower. My original paper had already been modified, and I had been advised to avoid specific local examples.
But then what happened?
The moment the microphone was in my hand, I pulled the discussion from the abstract realm of international financial institutions (IFIs) and state policies and brought it back to the ground—to the people who actually bear the consequences of these policies. I reminded the audience that while IFIs and governments may be the official stakeholders, it is the local communities who end up paying the real price. From there, I drew a line across Asia and brought the discussion home to northern Pakistan—giving examples from Swat, Dir, Chitral, and Kohistan.
I questioned the future of the eighteen proposed projects on the rivers of Swat, and I highlighted what similar projects are doing to communities in Chitral and Kohistan. The entire session shifted. What began as a discussion about finance and state-level planning transformed into a session centered on affected peoples.
The resistance of the Save River Swat Movement was taken as a powerful example of local mobilization. Participants appreciated how this movement directly engaged with the World Bank and managed to reach international institutions and civil society networks. For many, this became a story of hope—a rare instance where Indigenous and local communities successfully entered global policy spaces.
One of the organizers remarked afterwards: “When the microphone reached you, you turned the whole panel in your direction.”
I replied, “Because I speak as an ordinary person. I do not lose myself in jargon; I speak from people’s lived experiences.”
Today is the second day of the conference, and in the very first panel, every discussion on the transition from one energy technology to another has repeatedly invoked Swat, the Swat River, and the Torwali people. What began as a global conversation has now been grounded in the experiences of northern Pakistan—exactly where it needed to be.