10/04/2026
How many snow leopards are there in Pakistan?
After years of rigorous scientific work by Snow Leopard Foundation-Pakistan (I was proudly part of this work) along with its partner organisations, we finally have a reliable answer.
Recent studies using advanced methods, camera trapping and non-invasive genetic analysis, estimate that Pakistan is home to approximately 155 to 169 snow leopards. When accounting for uncertainty, the population could range from 100 to 239 individuals.
This is a major milestone. For decades, conservation efforts relied on rough guesses and questionnaire-based estimates. Now, for the first time, we have robust, science-based evidence to guide conservation decisions.
Why this matters?
While this achievement is encouraging, the findings also raise serious concerns. The density of snow leopards in Pakistan is only about 0.17 animals per 100 km², which is significantly lower than in other countries that share this iconic species:
Nepal:1.46 per 100 km²
Bhutan: 1.34 per 100 km²
Uzbekistan: 0.95 per 100 km²
China (Sanjiangyuan): 0.90 per 100 km²
Kazakhstan: 0.84 per 100 km²
India: 0.47 per 100 km²
Mongolia: 0.31 per 100 km²
Tajikistan (Pamir): 0.29 per 100 km²
Kyrgyzstan: 0.21 per 100 km²
Despite having vast stretches of suitable habitat especially in Gilgit-Baltistan and Chitral, Pakistan’s snow leopard population remains sparse.
A call to action
This low density is a warning sign. It tells us that even though the species is still present, it may be under pressure from threats such as habitat degradation, prey depletion, and human-wildlife conflict. If these issues are not addressed, the population could decline further.
This is a critical moment
Now that we have reliable scientific data, policymakers, conservationists, and local communities must come together to:
1. Develop a national conservation strategy
2. Strengthen protection of key habitats
3. Improve prey availability
4. Reduce conflict between humans and wildlife
There is also a strong case to recognize the snow leopard as endangered within Pakistan, ensuring it receives the highest level of conservation priority.
The bigger picture
The snow leopard is more than just a species; it is a symbol of our mountain ecosystems and natural heritage. If we act now, we can secure its future. If we delay, we risk losing it. Let’s ensure that future generations in Pakistan can still witness the beauty and mystery of this remarkable animal in the mountains, not just in photographs or stories.
Story by Muhammad Asif
Links to access both articles are here:
1. https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecog.08074?af=R
2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320726000170