07/05/2025
Name : Syeda Ramsha Javed
Id Number: 13429
IQRA UNIVERSITY
Course : Ethics and Social Responsibility
Faculty : Sir Salman Khatani
Plant Activity
Plant Name : The Kidney Bean
Scientific Name : Phaseolus vulgaris
About The Plant:
The kidney bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a common legume known for its kidney-shaped seeds, available in various colors like red, white, black, and speckled. These seeds, about 1.5 cm long, germinate with the radicle emerging first, followed by a hypocotyl hook that protects the developing shoot. The seedling stage features cotyledons and trifoliate true leaves. Mature plants have a taproot system, erect branched stems up to 60 cm tall, dark green compound leaves, and small white or purple flowers that self-pollinate. The flowers develop into pods, 8-20 cm long, containing the beans. Kidney beans prefer well-drained, loamy soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0, full sun, and moderate watering. They are usually planted directly into the soil after the last frost, spaced 2 inches apart and 1 inch deep. Regular watering is crucial, especially during flowering and pod development, though overwatering can cause root rot. Some varieties benefit from support structures. Harvesting occurs about 90 to 150 days after planting, either for green beans or mature dry beans. Nutritionally, kidney beans are high in protein, fiber, iron, and potassium, making them a staple in global cuisines. Additionally, they contribute to sustainable agriculture by enriching soil nitrogen through their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.