It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;
China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east
. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade route sand vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four world religions Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture . Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nationin 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi. According to World Bank, the Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country . However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, illiteracy, corruption, malnutrition, and inadequate public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks ninth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories . India is a pluralistic, multilingual, and multiethnic society. It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats
Motto:
" Satyameva Jayate " ( Sanskrit )
"Truth Alone Triumphs"
Anthem:
Jana Gana Mana
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"
National song:
Vande Mataram
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"
Capital:- New Delhi
28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E
Largest city:- Mumbai
Official language(s)
Hindi , English
Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official languageof the Union and English an additional language for official work. Recognised regional languages
Eighth Schedule
Assamese
Bengali
Bodo
Dogri
Gujarati
Hindi
Kannada
Kashmiri
Konkani
MaithiliMalayalam
Manipuri
Marathi
Nepali
Oriya
Punjabi
Sanskrit
Santali
Sindhi
Tamil
Telugu
Urdu
National language(s) none
Demonym :- Indian
Government :- Federal parliamentary
constitutional :- Republic
President(07-10-2012) :- Pranab Mukherjee
Vice President :-Mohammad Hamid Ansari
Prime Minister :-Manmohan Singh (INC)
Speaker of the House :- Meira Kumar (INC)
Chief Justice :- Altamas Kabir
Legislature Parliament of India
Upper house - Rajya Sabha
Lower house - Lok Sabha
Independence from the United Kingdom
- Dominion 15 August 1947
- Republic 26 January 1950
Area
- Total 3,287,263 sq.km (7th)
1,269,219 sq mi
- Water ( % ) 9.56
Population
- 2011 census 1,210,193,422 ( 2nd )
- Density 370.5/sq.km ( 31st )
959.5/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate
- Total $4.457 trillion ( 3rd )
- Per capita $3,693 ( 129th)
GDP (nominal) 2011 estimate
- Total $1.848 trillion ( 10th )
- Per capita $1,388 ( 140th )
Gini (2004) 36.8 ( 79th )
HDI (2011) 0.547 (medium) (134th)
Currency Indian rupee (₹) ( INR )
Time zone IST ( UTC 05:30)
- Summer ( DST ) not observed ( UTC 05:30)
Date formats dd-mm-yyyy ( AD )
Drives on the left
ISO 3166 code IN
Internet TLD .in
other TLDsভারতભારતभारतଭାରତਭਾਰਤஇந்தியாభారత్
Calling code 91
