15/09/2026
The unsettling thing about this sentence is not that it sounds modern.
It is that it had to be written almost 2,000 years ago.
Seneca wrote these words in first-century Rome, in a letter about the way enslaved people were treated inside Roman households. Slavery was woven into everyday Roman life. Enslaved people cooked, cleaned, worked, served at tables and performed countless other roles, while legally existing under the power of their owners.
In Letter 47, Seneca describes enslaved people being made to stand silently while their masters ate, punished for making a sound and treated, in his words, more like beasts of burden than human beings. His response was remarkably simple:
“They are slaves,” people declare.
“Nay, rather they are men.”
It is important not to turn Seneca into something he was not. This was not an abolitionist manifesto. He did not call for the institution of Roman slavery to be dismantled. What he challenged was the idea that a person’s status could erase their humanity.
That distinction makes the words uncomfortable in a different way today.
We no longer live in ancient Rome. Slavery is illegal almost everywhere. And yet people are still trafficked, coerced into labor, trapped through debt, threatened, deceived and exploited for what somebody else can take from them.
The latest global estimates put nearly 50 million people in situations defined as modern slavery.
The systems have changed. The language has changed. The fundamental mistake has not.
A person becomes a worker to exploit. A body to sell. A debt to collect. A problem to hide. A commodity rather than a human being.
Nearly two millennia after Seneca wrote those words, perhaps the most disturbing thing about them is how little explanation they still require.
They are people.