10/09/2025
The Life of Sir John Gell, part 2.
Before the civil wars, he graduated from Magdalen college, Oxford. He then lived at Kedleston before moving back to Hopton in 1620.
He was one of the wealthiest men in Derbyshire, with his income mostly derived from the lead industry and and sheep.
This included royalty payments he received from lead mines in Tideswell, Hope, and nearby Bakewell.
He became rather unpopular locally, due to his combative nature, which lead to long, drawn-out disputes over amounts due.
In 1625/26 Charles I levied a forced loan to fund wars after parliament refused further grants. (To go into detail about that would be a lengthy post in itself). Gell only contributed a nominal amount to that, and refused to fund the local Trained Band in 1630, therefore marking him as an opponent of Charles I.
There was a period of personal rule between 1629 & 1640, where Gell (and men of a similar standing) were in charge of collecting monies owed to the crown. Unfortunately, this made them liable for the entire amount!
In 1632, John and his brother Thomas were appointed joint receivers of the Honour of Tutbury. This was the name given to the Staffordshire & Derbyshire estates of the Duchy of Lancaster, a royal possession. In 1635, John Gell was then made High Sheriff of Derbyshire. Unfortunately, this then gave him responsibility for collecting the highly controversial tax referred to as 'ship money'. This was a tax levied (initially on coastal towns) to fund ships for defence against enemies; but later extended to inland counties by tje monarch, without parliament approval.
When Duchy rented went unpaid, the Gell brothers resorted to tactics such as siezing property, which lead to widespread resentment. One of those affected was Sir John Stanhope, which eventually led to Chesterfield supporting the royalists in the first civil war.
With war looming, the monarch raised some money by selling honours, and John Gell purchased as Baronetcy for £300 in January 1642. This would have been over £35,000 in today's money.
To be continued in part 3, as we haven't even touched on the war yet!