04/01/2026
Data scientist Alex de Vries-Gao estimated AI-related emissions at 33 to 80 million metric tons of CO₂, potentially exceeding the annual emissions of countries such as Chile, Czechia, and Romania:
New research estimates AI data centers could emit more CO₂ in 2025 than New York City, driven by the rapid growth of electricity-hungry AI systems, according to a study published in the journal Patterns.
Data scientist Alex de Vries-Gao estimated AI-related emissions at 33 to 80 million metric tons of CO₂, potentially exceeding the annual emissions of countries such as Chile, Czechia, and Romania.
The study also estimates AI’s 2025 water use at 312 to 767 billion litres, which could surpass the global bottled water industry’s annual consumption.
De Vries-Gao warned that the figures carry significant uncertainty due to limited transparency from major AI companies.