22/09/2026
Jews at prayer during High Holidays in the Warsaw Ghetto, Poland.
Less than a year after the German invasion of Poland, Jewish religious life in Warsaw had been severely restricted. In January 1940, all the synagogues and batei midrash in the city were closed down and public prayer services were banned.
On 12 October 1940, Yom Kippur, the Germans announced the establishment of a ghetto in Warsaw, and ordered the Jews to move there by the end of the month.
Reuven Ben Shem (Feldschuh) wrote: "The prayer room is almost full. The cantor prays boldly and melodiously, and you wouldn't know by looking at him and the worshippers that the world is on the verge of collapse. They are wearing prayer shawls and phylacteries. If you close your eyes for a moment and don't look at these people, at their pinched facesโฆ and just listen to the chanting of their prayers, you would surely think that you happened upon a house of God in a time of peace and harmony."
Despite the restrictions and the growing danger, Jews continued to pray and study Torah. Clandestine gatherings persisted in the ghetto, even during the Great Deportation of 1942 and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943.
Even under persecution, Jewish religious life endured. See less