06/03/2026
Hello Skeetchestn, and welcome back to another Wildlife Wednesday!
The silhouette of the Long-billed Curlew is unmistakable: whether standing in a shortgrass prairie or in a tidal mudflat, these birds stand out. They are a large, long-legged shorebird with a very long curved bill. Fun Fact! The long-billed curlew is the largest sandpiper in the world!
Habitat
Although they are a shorebird, curlews aren’t tied to the water’s edge. They thrive in grassy terrain, newly ploughed fields, green hayfields, meadows, and pastures. These habitat types are used for breeding, feeding, nesting and rearing their young. During migration and in the winter, they frequent various types of shoreline and wetland habitats.
Breeding and Nesting
Breeding and nesting occur in open dry grasslands or grain fields with short vegetation (less than 30 cm high). Here in BC, curlews breed in the Southern Interior; primary breeding areas are the open grasslands from Williams Lake west through Alexis Creek, in the Okanagan and lower Similkameen valleys, in the East Kootenay Trench, in the Nicola Valley and near Kamloops.
The Long-billed Curlew is a ground nester and arrives in their breeding areas from late March to mid-April. Males put on dramatic undulating flight displays to woo females and mark their territory. Once paired, the two defend a territory of 15 - 24 hectares in size!
Their clutch size is usually four eggs with an incubation period of 27-30 days. Eggs can be vulnerable to trampling by livestock as well as predation from other birds and mammals. Once hatched, chicks have a high mortality rate, succumbing to heat stress, starvation, and predation by hawks, corvids and weasels.
Diet
Curlews are omnivorous birds that eat insects, worms, crustaceans, mollusks, toads, eggs and nestlings of other birds, and berries. Curlews probe deep with their bills into burrows of insects and other small creatures; they also pick small invertebrates from the soil and vegetation.
Curlews got their name from their unmistakable call, "curleeuu, curleeuu, curleeuu” Take a listen! 📢 Curlew Call
Threats
Long-billed curlews have experienced a decline of approximately 50% over the last 20 years (3 generations). They are a long-lived species with low reproductive output; its population is limited to slow growth even under favourable conditions. Less than 1% of long-billed curlew breeding habitat is protected.
Key threats include droughts and extreme events induced by climate change; changes to water management on the wintering grounds; impacts of pesticides on insect prey; and conversion and fragmentation of grasslands and suitable agricultural habitat by energy development, and urban/rural development on breeding and wintering grounds.